《读史方舆纪要》大同地区路、堡记载辨误

Correction of the Records About Datong Roads and Forts in Du Shi Fang Yu Ji Yao

《读史方舆纪要》系顾祖禹撰写的历史地理名著,对后世裨益颇深,但由于篇幅宏大、流传曲折,传世本中仍有错漏之处。整理本《读史方舆纪要》对大同东路、大同中路、大同西路所辖堡的记载便存在数量、名称前后矛盾以及错漏情况。究其原因,或存在两种可能:其一顾祖禹撰书过程中出现了错误,其二后人整理过程中出现了疏漏。通过相关史料的比对,可以发现顾祖禹在撰写《读史方舆纪要》过程中,一定程度上受到了明清易代的影响;但从《读史方舆纪要》对清初大同东路、大同中路、大同西路建置变化缺载的情况来看,顾祖禹对大同路、堡地理方位及建置沿革的记载,应只涉及明朝。《三云筹俎考》《宣大山西三镇图说》《天下郡国利病书》《(康熙)山西通志》等书对大同东路、大同中路、大同西路所辖堡数目的记载与《读史方舆纪要》所总结的基本相同。《读史方舆纪要》中的错漏,可通过上述史料补正。

Du Shi Fang Yu Ji Yao is a historical geography masterpiece written by Gu Zuyu,which is of great benefit to future generations.However,there are still some mistakes in this book because of its enormous content and information spread gap.The article holds that the records about forts under the jurisdiction of Datong East Road,Datong Middle Road and Datong West Road are inconsistent in quantity and name in Du Shi Fang Yu Ji Yao.There are two possible reasons for the errors.First,it might caused by Gu Zuyu’s mistakes in the process of writing books.Second,there are omissions in the process of compiling.By investigating the relevant historical materials,it can be found that Gu Zuyu was influenced by the vicissitude of Ming and Qing dynasties.However,according to the lack of records about the evolution of the forts controlled by Datong East Road,Datong Middle Road and Datong West Road in the early Qing dynasty,Gu Zuyu’s records only involved Ming dynasty.Because the records about the number of forts controlled by Datong East Road,Datong Middle Road and Datong West Road in local Chronicles are basically same with the summaries in Du Shi Fang Yu Ji Yao.Therefore,the errors in Du Shi Fang Yu Ji Yao can be corrected through the local Chronicles.