基于入场理论的汉英因果复句认知工作机制研究

On the Cognitive Working Mechanism of Cause-effect Complex Sentences in Chinese and English Based on Grounding Theory

因果复句是概念化主体对有因果关系复杂事件感知、体验和表征的象征结构。本文以认知语法为理论框架,基于CCL和BNC语料库中的真实语料,从入场视角对汉英因果复句认知工作机制做探究。研究认为,言者或作者通过外显/隐含有定因果从属连词入场元素,将处于不同注意窗中的射体和陆标连接起来,并凸显在注意台上,从关系类中"标明"一个具体因果关系实例,而将自身"置于"注意台下或"隐现"在注意台上,客观描述或主观推测由射体和陆标组构的因果关系复杂言语事件;听者或读者借助外显/隐含有定因果从属连词入场元素,在言语行为域内与言者或作者进行互动和语义协商,实现对汉英因果复句所勾画的复杂言语事件认知控制。研究结果为汉英因果复句的教学和习得提供认知理据。

Cause-effect complex sentences are symbolic constructions of the conceptualizer’s perceiving, experiencing and expressing the complicated events with cause-effect relationship. In the theoretical framework of Cognitive Grammar,based on authentic data from CCL and BNC, this paper explores the cognitive working mechanism of cause-effect complex sentences in Chinese and English from the perspective of grounding theory. It is contended that with the overt or covert and definite grounding elements of cause-effect subordinators, the speaker or the writer connects the trajector and the landmark which are in different attention windows and makes them dominant onstage, with an instance of cause-effect relationship "being marked" out of types of relationship, while he/she "is located" offstage or "covertly stands" onstage in himself/herself, in order to objectively describe or subjectively infer the complicated event with cause-effect relationship, which is constructed by the trajector and the landmark;that in the speech act domain, the hearer/reader offstage, with the overt or covert and definite grounding elements of cause-effect subordinators,interacts and negotiates with the speaker/writer, thus achieving cognitive control of this complicated event with causeeffect relationship, which is profiled by cause-effect complex sentences in Chinese and English. These findings will provide cognitive evidence for the instruction and acquisition of cause-effect complex sentences in Chinese and English.