窖泥源可培养厌氧菌株挥发性代谢产物解析

Analysis of volatile metabolites of cultivated anaerobic strains in pit mud

通过可培养技术和16S rRNA序列分析,从河南省5家浓香型白酒酒企窖泥中分离厌氧菌株并研究其挥发性代谢产物.结果表明,分离出的138株菌的最高相似菌分别隶属于梭菌纲和芽孢杆菌纲中的8个属共30个种,包括15种梭菌纲细菌和15种芽孢杆菌纲细菌,涉及苯溶副梭菌、彼得罗里氏杆菌等鲜有报道的窖泥源可培养细菌;30种代表性菌株发酵液中的挥发性代谢产物主要为酸类和醇类化合物,包括己酸、丁酸、丁醇等浓香型白酒的重要呈香物质及前体;梭菌纲菌株酪丁酸梭菌、产孢梭菌、丁酸梭菌、肉毒梭菌、彼得罗里氏杆菌、苯溶副梭菌、谲诈梭菌、七叶梭菌及芽孢杆菌纲菌株地衣芽孢杆菌、面状类芽孢杆菌、富马里奥利芽孢杆菌、人葡萄球菌、海内氏芽孢杆菌与41种挥发性代谢产物呈正相关,其可能对浓香型白酒的风味形成贡献较大.

By using the culturable method and 16S rRNA sequence analysis,the anaerobic strains were isolated from the pit mud of five strong-flavor Baijiu companies in Henan Province and their volatile metabolites were studied.The highest similar bacteria of the 138 pure cultures assigned into 8 genera of classes of Clostridia and Bacilli,a total of 30 species,including 15 species of Clostridia and 15 species of Bacilli.Among them,the species of Paraclostridium benzolyticum,Terrisporobacter petroearius,etc.were also isolated,which were rarely reported.The volatile substances in the fermentation broth of the above 30 representative strains were mainly acids and alcohols,including important aroma substances and precursors in strong-flavor Baijiu,such as caproic acid,butyric acid and butanol.Clostridium tyrobutyricum,Clostridium sporogenes,Clostridium butyricum,Clostridium botulinum,Trichobacterium petroleum,Paraclostridium benzolyticum,Trichobacterium glycolicus,Clostridium aestuarii,Bacillus licheniformis,Paenibacillus faecis,Bacullis fumarioli,Staphylococcus hominis and Bacillus haynesii had positive correlations with the 41 volatile metabolites,indicating that they could contribute to the flavor formation of strong-flavor Baijiu.