食源性致病菌活菌检测方法的应用现状及展望

Application Status and Prospects of Detection Methods for Viable Foodborne Pathogens

传统的细胞培养方法是活体致病菌检测的"金标准",但往往程序繁杂、耗时长。该文主要论述基于核酸[荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(quantitative polymerase chain reaction,qPCR)和信使PCR检测法]及噬菌体(噬菌体扩增法、噬菌体扩增与PCR/qPCR结合法、免疫测定或酶测定法及电化学噬菌体生物传感器法)两类非细胞培养的活菌检测方法,并对其在食源性致病菌活菌检测方面的应用及未来发展前景进行讨论,特别是基于噬菌体的方法,与传统检测相比在检测速度、灵敏度和特异性方面具有关键优势。

The traditional cell culture method is the'gold standard'for the detection of living pathogenic bacteria.However,the process can often be complicated and time-consuming.This paper focused on two types of non-cell culture detection methods for viable foodborne pathogens:those based on nucleic acids[quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and messenger PCR assay]and phages(phage amplification in combination with PCR/qPCR amplification,immunoassay,enzymatic determination,and electrochemical phage biosensor methods).Their applications in the detection of viable foodborne pathogens and the future prospects for development were discussed.Compared with the traditional method,detection speed,sensitivity,and specificity were found to be crucial advantages,especially for the phage-based approach.