魏晋南北朝社会保障研究

Social Security in the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties

魏晋南北朝时期社会动荡,战争频仍,自然灾害和疫病频发,人民有迫切的被救助需求。在这样特殊的社会历史条件下,仅仅依靠政府保障难免力有不逮,宗教、宗族等民间团体慈善救助活动应运而生,成为政府保障的有益补充,由此形成了魏晋南北朝时期颇具特色的多元供给主体社会保障模式。政府主体的社会救助、社会优抚、社会福利制度与实践,宗教组织主体的佛教、道教慈善实践以及宗族组织主体的民间救助实践等,反映了魏晋南北朝时期的社会保障思想,构成了这一时期社会保障的体系架构,取得了保障百姓基本生存条件、维护社会稳定的成效。魏晋南北朝的多元主体社会保障模式符合社会发展趋势,具有历史的进步性。

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, people had an urgent need to be protected against social unrest, frequent wars, natural disasters and epidemics. Under such special social and historical conditions, it is not possible to rely only on protection provided by the government. Charitable relief activities of non-governmental organizations such as religious groups and clans emerged and became a useful supplement to the government’s assistance. A distinctive social security model that had multiple suppliers came into being in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Government-led social assistance, preferential treatment and social welfare services,together with Buddhist and Taoist charitable activities organized by religious organizations, as well as non-governmental relief provided by patriarchal clans, constituted the framework of social security system during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and embodied the social security thoughts of this period. During this period, social security guaranteed people’s basic livelihoods and maintained social stability. The social security model with plural suppliers in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is in line with the trend of social development and a historical advancement.