知识产权保护与对外直接投资逆向技术溢出--基于南北产品周期模型的分析

Intellectual Property Rights Protection and Reverse Technology Spillovers of Outward Foreign Direct Investment--An Analysis Based on the North-South Product Cycles Model

技术寻求型对外直接投资是发展中国家主动寻求发达国家先进技术的重要渠道之一,而知识产权保护会通过技术回流和技术扩散两个方面影响对外直接投资逆向技术溢出的效果。本文首次在基于垂直创新的南北产品周期模型中引入发展中国家向发达国家的直接投资作为国际技术流动的路径,并深入探讨了母国知识产权保护对对外直接投资逆向技术溢出的作用,识别了其对跨国企业自身技术回流以及跨国企业对本土企业技术扩散的异质性影响。理论研究结果表明:知识产权保护对跨国企业技术回流具有促进作用,而与本土企业的技术模仿存在倒"U"型关系。从整体上看,知识产权保护增强了对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出效应,有利于提高发展中国家整体技术水平。利用2015—2019年现实数据的数值模拟结果还发现:相较于跨国企业的技术回流,知识产权保护对技术扩散的影响程度微弱。

Technology-sourcing outward foreign direct investment is one of the important channels for developing countries to actively seek advanced technology from developed countries. But the effect of reverse technology spillovers from OFDI will be affected by intellectual property rights( IPR) protection through technology return and technology diffusion. This paper introduced direct investment from developing countries to developed countries as the path of international technology flow in the North-South product cycles model based on vertical innovation for the first time,and explored the impact of domestic IPR protection on reverse technology spillovers of OFDI. We focused on identifying its heterogeneous impacts on technology return of multinational enterprises( MNEs) themselves and technology diffusion of MNEs to local enterprises. The theoretical results show that intellectual property rights protection promotes the technology return of MNEs,and has an inverted U-shaped relationship with the technology imitation of local enterprises. On the whole,IPR protection enhances the reverse technology spillover effect of OFDI,which is conducive to improving the overall technological level of developing countries. The numerical simulation results using real data from 2015 to 2019 also show that the impact of IPR protection on technology diffusion is very weak compared to that on technology return.