牛河梁遗址红山文化陶器成分分析与研究

Research on the Chemical Composition of the Hongshan Culture Pottery in Niuheliang Site

使用TRACER 5i型X射线荧光分析仪测定了牛河梁遗址出土的红山文化陶器样品陶胎、陶衣和黑彩的化学组成。数据分析结果表明.陶胎所用原料为当地以蒙脱石和伊利石为主的黏土,下层遗存、下层积石冢、上层积石冢三个时期陶胎化学成分没有改变,第一地点、第二地点第五地点、第九地点出土的简形器和非简形器所用原料基本相同。第一地点女神庙的大型建筑物和人物塑像材料为当地黏土掺人草本植物混合而成,草拌泥质材料增加了成型强度,降低了坯体的变形,利于制作大型器物。泥质陶和夹砂陶所用原料均为当地黏土,不同处理方法和加工程序是造成二者成分差异的主要原因。陶衣使用高铁低锰的原料,黑彩颜料为高铁高锰的矿物。

The composition of the body,the coat and black color of the Hongshan cultural pottery unearthed from Niuheliang Site was determined by means of TRACER 5i X-ray fluorescence analyzer.The data analysis showed that the raw materials used for the pottery were local clay mainly containing montmorillonite and il-lite.And the pottery composition in the lower layer,the lower layer accumulate stone tombs and the upper layer accumulate stone tombs basically remained unchanged.The materials used for the cylinder-shaped vessels and non-cylinder-shaped vessels unearthed at the first,the second,the fifth and the ninth location were the same.At the first location,the large-scale buildings and figures of the temple were made of local clay mixed with herbs which strengthened shapes and reduced the deformation,thus in favour of making large-scale objects.The fine clay pottery and the sandy pottery were made of local clay,and different processing methods and procedures mainly contributed to the different chemical composition with the pottery coat made from clay containing high iron and low manganese,and the black color using minerals containing high iron and high manganese.