需要与欲望关系辨正:一种哲学批判的考察方式

Discrimination on the Relation of Need and Desire:an Investigation of Philosophical Criticism

从人的生命生活展开之必然性结构的角度来看,欲望与需要虽同出一源,却又有着本质的差别:需要产生于人的生命生活展开的必然性结构,其满足是对生命生活主体性的肯定与尊重;欲望则是需要的异化形态,它产生于对人性需要的错误理解和不合理压抑,无止境的欲望追求是对生命生活主体性的否定与贬损。对需要和欲望这二者关系的批判性辨正,也是对欲望哲学式的内在批判,这种批判始终尊重每一个体生命的价值主体地位,始终着眼于每一个体生命生活的内在需要,因而根本不同于那种仅凭主观价值设定而对事物妄加评判和指责的道德主义外在批判。

See from the necessity structure of People’s life expansion,desire and need have the same source,but are also different from each other essentially.Need is generated from the necessity structure of People’s life expansion,and its being satisfied is an affirmation and respect to People’s life subjectivity.Desire is the alienated form of need,it is generated from the wrong understanding and unreasonable depressing to People’s need,and the endless expanding of desire is a negating and derogating to People’s life subjectivity.This critical discrimination above is also an internal criticism by philosophical way to desire,and this kind of criticism always respects everyone’s value subject status,and always focuses on everyone’s need inside his life,so it is utterly different from the external moral criticism which judges and accuses something arbitrarily only by some subjective value settings.