文艺政策影响下歌剧《白毛女》的经典化过程

The Canonization Process of the Opera White Haired Girl Under the Influence of Literary and Artistic Policies

从延安时期到新中国,歌剧《白毛女》的历史地位和内容版本的变化实际上离不开中国共产党文艺政策调整的影响。在《讲话》影响下歌剧《白毛女》作为诠释党的文艺政策的经典之作面世,而后又经历了十七年时期文艺政策变动之下由构建经典到解构经典的戏剧性命运变化,直到文化大革命时期由于奉行以阶级斗争为纲的指导思想造成了歌剧《白毛女》的彻底失语,新时期以来通过对中国共产党文艺政策的全新调整实现了思想领域内全面的拨乱反正,使得歌剧《白毛女》得以重登舞台再见光明。不同时期党的文艺政策的调整较为集中地反映在《白毛女》具体样式、文本内容、演出情况的变化上,从这些变化中可以厘清延安时期、十七年时期、文化大革命时期以及新时期以来文艺与政治的关系变化,同时在政治文化的观照下也会对当前的文艺现状具有积极的启示意义。

From Yan'an period to new China,the change of the historical status and content version of the opera White Haired Girl is actually inseparable from the influence of the adjustment of the literary and artistic policy of the Communist Party of China.Under the influence of the speech,the opera White Haired Girl appeared as a classic to interpret the party's literary and artistic policy,and then experienced the dramatic fate change from the construction of classics to the deconstruction of classics under the change of literary and artistic policy in the seventeen-year-period.Until the cultural revolution,due to the implementation of the guiding ideology of class struggle,the opera White Haired Girl was completely speechless.Since the new era,through the new adjustment of the literary and artistic policy of the Communist Party of China,it has achieved a comprehensive rectification in the ideological field,making the opera White Haired Girl reappear on the stage and see you again.The adjustment of the party's literary and artistic policies in different periods is mainly reflected in the changes of the specific style,text content and performance of the White Haired Girl.From these changes,it can clarify the changes in the relationship between literature and politics in Yan'an period,the seventeen-year-period,the cultural revolution period and the new period.At the same time,under the observation of political culture,it will also have positive enlightenment significance to the current situation of literature and art.