儿童公平的认知—行为差距——影响因素及干预机制

Children's Cognition-Behavior Gap in Fairness:Influencing Factors and Intervention Mechanisms

儿童公平的认知—行为差距指的是儿童能理解公平原则,但是却不能使用这些原则指导自己的实际分配行为。这种认知—行为差距主要与儿童的社会认知技能有关,如心理理论、认知控制、社会比较倾向。新近的研究表明,儿童的数字认知能力及资源的产生方式,如合作创造资源还是获得了意外之财,也会影响儿童公平的认知—行为差距。研究者提出了两种干预机制来减小这种认知—行为差距,一是对儿童实施准则学习,二是让儿童合作创造资源,目的均是深化儿童的公平认知。研究表明,这两种机制均能有效缩小儿童公平的认知—行为差距。未来应开展更多的干预机制研究,提供中国文化背景下的数据支持,验证这一现象是否存在文化差异。

Children's cognition-behavior gap in fairness refers to children understanding fairness principles,but not having the ability to use them to guide the actual distribution behavior.This cognition-behavior gap is mainly related to children's social cognitive skills,such as theory of mind,cognitive control,and social comparison tendency.Recent studies have found that children's numerical cognition abilities and the way resources are produced,such as creating resources through cooperation or getting windfall,will also influence children's cognition-behavior gap in fairness.Researchers have provided two intervention mechanisms to reduce the cognition-behavior gap.One is giving children the opportunity of norm learning,and the other is making children create resources through cooperative activities,so as to intensify children's fairness cognition.Studies have shown that these two mechanisms were both effective.Future researches should pay more attention to intervention mechanisms,and provide data support in the context of Chinese culture in order to verify whether there is cultural discrepancy for this phenomenon.