山东省春季马铃薯播种至出苗期水热特征分析

Analysis on the characteristics of water and heat from sowing to emergence of spring potatoes in Shandong province

基于山东省1980—2020年117个气象台站的地面观测资料,依据春季马铃薯播种期,通过积温法推算出苗期,分析山东省春季马铃薯播种至出苗期水分条件和热量条件的变化特征。结果表明:1980—2020年山东省春季马铃薯播种至出苗期平均日数为39.5 d,10 a倾向率为-1.8 d;降水量平均为16.5 mm,10 a倾向率为-3.1 mm;相对湿润度指数平均值为-0.48,10 a倾向率为-0.09;平均气温为8.9℃,10 a倾向率为0.6℃;温度适宜度平均为0.54,10 a倾向率为0.07。综上可知,山东省春季马铃薯播种至出苗阶段水分条件呈现减少的趋势,应增加田间灌水;热量条件呈现增加的趋势,有利于增加种植面积。

Based on the ground observations at 117 meteorological stations from 1980 to 2020 and the planting date of spring potatoes in Shandong province,the date of emergence is calculated by accumulated temperature.The variation of water and heat during the stage from sowing to emergence is analyzed.The results shows that the mean number of days of the stage,the precipitation,the relative moisture index,the average air temperature and temperature suitability of the area from 1980 to 2020 are 39.5 d,16.5 mm,-0.48,8.9℃,0.54,respectively.And the corresponding ten-year propensity rates of these elements are-1.8 d,-3.1 mm,-0.09,0.6℃,0.07,respectively.Since the water conditions shows a decreasing trend,the field irrigation should be strengthened in the stage.Heat conditions shows an increasing trend,which is beneficial to increase planting area.