植物病原菌对杀菌剂多药抗性的发生现状

Current situation of multidrug resistance of plant pathogens to fungicides

近年来,随着杀菌剂在农作物病害田间防治中的大量使用,植物病原菌的多药抗性(multidrug resistance,MDR)现象发生越来越普遍。本文综述了在草坪币斑病、灰霉病、小麦叶枯病和苹果青霉病等病害防治中,病原菌对杀菌剂多药抗性发生的情况。以及在紫外诱导和杀菌剂离体驯化下,致病疫霉Phytophthora infestans、立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani、指状青霉Penicillium digitatum的多药抗性发生情况。分析了导致植物病原菌多药抗性产生的外排转运蛋白过表达、解毒酶代谢和靶标位点变化等相关机制,并在此基础上提出了多药抗性预防和治理的策略,以期为田间杀菌剂的高效利用,延缓药剂的抗性风险提供科学参考。

In recent years,the phenomenon of multidrug resistance(MDR)in plant pathogens has become more and more common due to the heavy use of fungicides.In this article,the occurrence of multidrug resistance of pathogens to fungicides in the control of dollar spot,gray mold,wheat leaf blotch and blue mold were reviewed.MDR also occurred in Phytophthora infestans,Rhizoctonia solani and Penicillium digitatum under in vitro induction with UV and fungicides.The relevant mechanisms such as efflux transporter over-expression,detoxification enzyme metabolism and target site changes caused by MDR of plant pathogens were analyzed.Based on the above,the strategies for prevention and management of MDR were proposed in order to offer a scientific reference for efficient use of fungicides and reduce the risk of fungicides resistance.