供给视角下农业化学农资减量的调控策略研究

Study on the Control Strategy of Agricultural Chemical and Agricultural Materials Reduction from the Perspective of Supply

化肥、农药与地膜三类化学农资的减量增效是当前中国农业生产高质量发展的现实要求和迫切任务,而中国三类化学农资的使用和推广从最初便是相关生产工业发展带动的结果。因此,从供给视角下探讨中国化学农资的减控策略是十分必要和不可或缺的,但现有研究相对不足。文章详细考察和分析了化肥、农药和地膜当前的产销情况,研究发现当前各类化学农资的生产结构与减量化后的现实需求间均存在一定程度的不匹配。此外,除草剂早已取代杀虫剂,成为当前中国最主要的农药种类,其用量甚至远超杀虫剂和杀菌剂之和。因此,为了更好地在长时期中实现化学农资的减量增效、进而实现农业的绿色高质量发展,政府应加强对化肥生产厂商产品调整和转型的引导与推动;加大对绿色环保型除草剂和除草方式的推广,加强对农药新品及替代技术的研发支持;加强地膜生产的质量监管,引导企业和农户间生产、应用与回收的良性闭环的形成;进一步推动和促进现代农业生产组织体系的构建、发展和健全。

To reduce and control the use of chemical fertilizers,pesticides and mulch film is an urgent requirement for the develop⁃ment of China’s agricultural production.According to the use of the three types of agricultural chemical inputs in China were ini⁃tially driven by the development of related production industries,it’s critical and necessary to discuss the reduction and control strategy of them in China from the perspective of supply.However,the existing research is relatively insufficient.In this paper,the current production,import,export and sales channels of chemical fertilizers,pesticides and mulch film are investigated and ana⁃lyzed in detail.It is found that there is a certain degree of mismatch between the production structure of three inputs and the actual demand after reduction.In addition,herbicides have already replaced insecticides as the main use type in China,with far more used than insecticides and fungicides combined.Therefore,in order to achieve the scientific use of the three inputs in the long run,the government should strengthen the guidance and promotion of fertilizer manufacturers’product adjustment and production trans⁃formation firstly.Second,the green and environmentally friendly herbicides and weed control methods should be promoted.Third,the R&D investment and support for new pesticides and alternative technologies should be increased.Fourth,the quality supervi⁃sion of mulch film should be strengthened.More importantly,the government should guide manufacturer and farmers to form a virtu⁃ous circle of production,use and recovery.Moreover,the construction,development and improvement of modern agricultural pro⁃duction organization system should be further promoted.