陈独秀与民初文化公共领域的建构

Chen Duxiu and the Construction of the Cultural Public Domain in the Early Years of the Republic of China

民国初年,国家权力的失效促进了社会空间的拓展,教育界和出版业成为知识分子安身立命的文化空间。陈独秀以学校、社团和报刊为平台,在文化场域中建构了具有批判色彩的文化公共领域。袁世凯尊孔复古的文化逆流违背社会进化规律,陈独秀以科学理性精神抨击孔教的道德礼法,引领舆论的发展导向。北大文科学长的身份赋予陈独秀革新陈腐教育体制的权力,为新文化的传承培育了主体力量。青年学生在陈独秀的号召下,利用文化社团从校园走向开放的文化公共空间,使新文化的传播范围从高端的象牙塔拓展到底层的工农群体。文化公共领域的无形空间体现在报刊媒介中,陈独秀在《新青年》中通过公共议题的言说和通信栏的设立迎合时代思潮,拓展了舆论言说的空间。

In the early years of the Republic of China,the failure of state power promoted the expansion of social space,and the educational circle and the publishing industry became the cultural space for intellectuals to settle down.With schools,associations and newspapers as the platform,Chen Duxiu constructed a critical public sphere in the cultural field.Yuan Shikai’s cultural countercurrent of respecting Confucius violated the rule of social evolution,while Chen Duxiu attacked Confucianism’s morality and etiquette with scientific and rational spirit,which defined the development direction of public opinion.As dean of liberal art at Peking University,Chen Duxiu had the power to innovate the outdated educational style and cultivated the main force for the inheritance of new culture.Under the call of Chen Duxiu,young students moved from campus to open public space Using cultural associations,who spread the new culture from the ivory towers to the workers and peasants at the bottom.The invisible space of public domain was embodied in the newspaper.Chen Duxiu expanded the space of public opinion by presenting public issues and setting up communication field catering to discourse system from the public in New Youth magazine.