外泌体在神经系统疾病研究中的进展

Progress of research on exosomes in nervous system diseases

神经系统疾病范围广、诊治难、预防及预后较差,因此对其预防、诊断与治疗的研究显得尤为重要。外泌体作为细胞自身分泌的一种脂质双分子层包裹形成的膜性小体,参与了机体免疫反应、炎症反应乃至肿瘤的发生与发展,且参与了临床中神经系统疾病如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、重症肌无力、多发性硬化乃至胶质瘤的发生与发展。本文对外泌体与神经系统疾病相关性的研究进展进行归纳总结并予以综述,以期为神经系统疾病的预防、诊断与治疗提供更新及更深入具体的理论参考。

Diseases of the nervous system vary widely in scope and are difficult to diagnose and treat.Because prevention and prognosis of nervous system diseases remain poor,research into prevention,diagnosis and treatment is particularly important.Exosomes are membranous bodies formed by a lipid bilayer secreted by cells.They are involved in the immune response,inflammatory response,the occurrence and development of tumors,and in clinical neurological diseases,such as Alzheimer.s disease,Parkinson.s disease,myasthenia gravis,multiple sclerosis and glioma.This review summarizes the progress of research into the correlation between exosomes and nervous system diseases in order to provide updates and more in-depth and specific theoretical references for the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of nervous system diseases.