城市化、分配公平与经济效率的协调性研究——基于沪渝数据的比较

A study on the coordination measurements of urbanization, distributive justice and economic efficiency:Empirical evidences from Shanghai and Chongqing

改革开放40多年,中国正经历着世界上规模最大、速度最快的城市化。城市化带来经济增长与效率提高的同时,也加剧了社会资源分配的不公。文章通过因子分析法构建城市化指数、分配公平指数与经济效率指数,基于VAR模型和隶属函数模型构造城市化、分配公平与经济效率协调度模型,以沪、渝数据为例比较分析两地城市化、分配公平与经济效率的协调性,得到结论为:1997—2017年沪、渝两地城市化指数、经济效率指数总体呈上升发展趋势,但是上海分配公平指数呈现先降后升的大"V"型,而重庆分配公平指数呈线性下降趋势。沪、渝两地城市化、分配公平与经济效率两两系统或三系统之间总体处于协调或基本协调状态,但上海的城市化与分配公平协调度、城市化与经济效率协调度以及三系统协调度都要高于重庆。沪、渝两地城市化、分配公平与经济效率各系统间协调度的波动趋势较为一致,上海三系统协调度的波动主要受经济效率指数的影响,而重庆三系统协调度的波动主要受分配公平指数的影响。根据研究结论得到相关政策启示。

In more than forty years of open and reform, China is experiencing the largest and fastest urbanization in the world. Urbanization not only brings economic growth and efficiency improvement, but also aggravates the unfair distribution of social resources. This paper constructs the indexes of urbanization, distributive justice and economic efficiency with factor analysis method, and employs the VAR model and the membership function to construct the coordination degree model of three systems. Taking the data of Shanghai and Chongqing as examples, the paper compares and analyzes the coordination degrees between the two cities. The conclusions are as follows: 1) The urbanization indexes and economic efficiency indexes of Shanghai and Chongqing from 1997 to 2017 are on a rise trend, but Shanghai’s distributive justice index shows a big “V” shape, while Chongqing’s distribution justice index shows a linear downward trend. 2) The coordination degrees of two or three systems of urbanization, distributive justice and economic efficiency in Shanghai and Chongqing are in a state of coordination or basic coordination. The coordination degree of urbanization and distributive justice, the coordination degree of urbanization and economic efficiency, and the coordination degree of three systems in Shanghai are higher than those in Chongqing. 3) The results show that the fluctuation trend of coordination among the systems of urbanization, distribution justice and economic efficiency in Shanghai and Chongqing is consistent. The fluctuation of coordination in Shanghai is mainly affected by economic efficiency index, while that of Chongqing is mainly affected by distribution justice index. According to the research conclusion, the paper puts forward relevant policy suggestions.