青少年重症肌无力的研究进展

Research advances in the juvenile myasthenia gravis

重症肌无力是一种神经肌肉接头传递障碍的自身免疫性疾病,导致骨骼肌易疲劳,症状具有波动性。青少年重症肌无力具有一定的特殊性,症状主要累及眼外肌,也可影响全身骨骼肌,血清学阳性率低,部分青少年重症肌无力可自发缓解。临床上青少年重症肌无力诊断主要依赖于临床表现、血清学抗体检测、神经电生理检查以及药物试验。针对青少年重症肌无力的治疗,除胆碱酯酶抑制剂、免疫抑制治疗、静脉注射免疫球蛋白、血浆置换、胸腺切除外,也应注意日常管理,预防疾病加重。

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that impairs the transmission of neuromuscular junctions,which causes skeletal muscle fatigue and fluctuating symptoms.Juvenile myasthenia gravis has certain characteristics.The symptoms involve extraocular muscles weakness and can also affect the skeletal muscles of the whole body.The seropositive rate is low.Some juvenile myasthenia gravis can be relieved spontaneously.Clinical⁃ly,the diagnosis of juvenile myasthenia gravis mainly relies on clinical manifestations,serological antibody testing,neuroelectrophysiological examinations and drug tests.For the treatment of juvenile myasthenia gravis,in addition to cholinesterase inhibitors,immunosuppressive therapy,intravenous immunoglobulin,plasma exchange,and thymec⁃tomy,attention should also be paid to daily management to prevent the disease from getting worse.