北京猪舍空气源热泵供暖的可行性

Feasibility of the air source heat pump system for heating swine houses in Beijing

随着各界对环境保护的重视,猪场迫切需要找到低成本的节能减排供暖方式。该研究把空气源热泵(Air Source Heat Pump, ASHP)供暖系统安装在猪舍里,通过测量供回水温度和能效比(Coefficient of Performance, COP),分别比较了ASHP供暖系统与直接电加热系统的节能率,以及ASHP供暖系统与直接电加热的电锅炉、管道天然气和液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG)的供暖运行费用。结果表明:试验期间,在北京供暖期室外平均温度为0.1℃时,ASHP系统的COP为2.86。与直接电供暖相比,ASHP供暖系统节能率为66%。ASHP、电锅炉、管道天然气和LNG供暖运行费用单位能源价格分别为0.22、0.62、0.34和0.37元/kW·h。在猪舍供暖中,ASHP系统具有降低能耗与减少CO_(2)排放的潜力,是一种经济、清洁的可替代燃煤的供暖方式。

Coal has been widely used in many aspects in northern China. Nevertheless, urgent environmental protection has been required to prohibit the coal combustion for the heating source in winter since 2017. The application of clean energy has been the key issue need to be solved in recent years, particularly on the energy consumption of buildings. Air source heat pump(ASHP) as a piece of clean energy equipment has widely been used in civil and industrial buildings. But there is no application of ASHP in swine houses. It is an urgent need to conserve energy and reduce pollution emissions. In this study, an investigation of ASHP was carried out in the swine houses of Shunyi District, Beijing. The experimental size of the swine houses was 42 m long and 9.3 m wide. The ASHP heating system was installed in a swine barn. There were 6 pipes to supply water, and other 6 pipes to return water for the heating floor. The monitoring period was selected for the equipment performance: November 20 th, 2016-April 16 th, 2017. The first stage(January 3 rd, 2017-January 8 th, 2017): swine houses with pig test(two units). The second stage(January 9 th, 2017-January 20 th, 2017): swine houses with no pig test. The energy-saving rate of ASHP and direct electric heating systems were compared to measure the Coefficient of Performance(COP). ASHP, direct electric heating, Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG), and natural gas heating were compared by the unit energy operating price. The average supply water and return water temperature of ASHP was also measured. The results showed that the COP of the ASHP system was 2.86 when the average outdoor temperature was 0.1 ℃ during the heating period. The energy-saving rate of ASHP was 66%, compared with direct electric heating. The unit energy operating prices of ASHP, LNG,Natural Gas, direct electric, and ASHP were 0.62, 0.34, 0.37, and 0.64 yuan/k W·h, respectively. The CO_(2)emission was reduced by 8 636 kg during the experiment. The average supply water temperature and return water temperature of ASHP were(37.6±2.4) and(34.9±2.2) ℃, respectively. ASHP heating system presented the potential to reduce energy consumption and CO_(2)emission, serving as an economical and clean alternative energy source for pig barns heating. Consequently, the air source heat pump system is suitable for swine houses with solid floors, but not with fully slatted floors.