不同春小麦品种对氮肥处理的响应

Response of Different Spring Wheat Varieties to Nitrogen Treatment

为探究春小麦品种对氮肥的响应特征,采用盆栽方式,选用来自埃及的Egypt1和Egypt2、来自我国天津的津强6号和津强11号4个春小麦品种,设不施氮(B1)、施尿素1g/盆(B2)和施尿素1.5g/盆(B3)3个施氮处理,于小麦成熟期测定植株性状、产量和籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量。结果表明,Egypt2的穗长、穗粒数、小穗数、千粒重、产量均高于津强6号,但津强6号的籽粒总蛋白、清蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量最高;随着拔节期施氮量的增加,小麦穗粒数、千粒重、产量、蛋白质及其组分含量均逐渐增高,其中B3处理最高;不同处理组合中,施氮量较高处理下Egypt2的千粒重和产量最高,施氮量较高的津强6号的籽粒总蛋白质及其组分含量最高,拔节期施氮量增多,有利于提高小麦产量、总蛋白质及其组分含量。由此可知,不同品种中,Egypt2的产量最高,津强6号的总蛋白质含量最高;合理施氮肥可以提高小麦的产量和品质,施尿素1.5g/盆的氮肥处理小麦生长最好。品种和施氮量对小麦的产量和品质有较大影响。

To explore the response of spring wheat varieties to nitrogen treatment, pot experiment was conducted with Egypt1 and Egypt2(coming from Egypt), Jinqiang 6 and Jinqiang 11(coming from Tianjin, China) spring wheat varieties, under no nitrogen(B1), urea 1 g/pot(B2), urea 1.5 g/pot(B3) nitrogen treatments. Plant characteristics, yield, protein content and its components were measured at maturity stage. The results showed that the spike length, number of grains per spike, number of spikelets, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield of Egypt2 were all higher than those of Jinqiang 6, but Jinqiang 6 had the highest total protein content, albumin, prolamin and glutelin. With the increase in the amount of N applied at jointing stage, the number of grains per spike, the 1000-grain weight, the grain yield, the content of protein and its constituents of wheat gradually increased, and the B3 treatment was the highest. Among the different treatment combinations, Egypt2 with the higher nitrogen input had the highest 1000-grain weight and yield, while Jinqiang 6 with the higher nitrogen input had the highest content of total protein and its components in the grain. Increasing the nitrogen supply at jointing stage was beneficial to increase the wheat yield, the contents of total protein and its constituents. In conclusion, the yield of Egypt2 was the highest and the protein content of Jinqiang 6 was the highest. Wheat yield and quality were improved by the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer, and wheat growth was best when 1.5 g/pot of urea was applied. The variety and the amount of nitrogen applied had a major influence on the yield and quality of wheat.