谷子抗除草剂杂交种去除假杂种技术研究

Study on the Technique of Removing False Hybrids from Foxtail Millet Herbicide-Resistant Hybrids

目前谷子杂交种所用不育系大多属于高度雄性不育系,有5%-10%的自交结实率,因此谷子两系杂交种会有一定比例的假杂种。传统去除假杂种方法是在苗期喷施除草剂去假留真。为了研究更简便、安全、有效去除假杂种的方法,选用拿捕净和咪唑乙烟酸2种除草剂,2019年设置6个浓度(0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%和1.4%)的除草剂药液浸泡种子,筛选最佳浓度;采用阴干、晒干和烘干3种方式,筛选最佳干燥种子方法;2020年把除草剂配入包衣剂对杂交种进行包衣试验,2种除草剂分别设置6个和3个浓度配比。结果表明,采用药液浸泡法时,2种除草剂均采用0.8%浓度最佳,种子均匀沾上药液后捞出阴干或烘干较好。采用包衣方法时,长杂谷466(抗拿捕净类型杂交种)采用"50g包衣剂拌4-5mL拿捕净包衣2.5kg种子"、长杂谷2922(抗咪唑乙烟酸类型杂交种)采用"50g包衣剂拌3mL咪唑乙烟酸包衣2.5kg种子"的方法最佳。

Currently, most of the sterile lines used in foxtail millet hybrids belong to highly male sterile lines with 5%-10% self-fertility. Therefore, there will be a certain proportion of false hybrids in foxtail millet two-line hybrids.The traditional method of removing false hybrids is spraying herbicides at the seedling stage. To find a simple,safe, and effective way to remove false hybrids, two herbicides of sethoxydim and imazethapyr with six concentrations(0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.4%) were used to soak seeds in 2019 to find the optimal concentration. The best method of seed drying was selected by drying the seeds in the shade, in the sun, and in the oven. The experiment of combined application of herbicides(six concentration treatments) and coating agent(three concentration treatments) was set in 2020. The test results were as follows: in seed soaking experiment, the herbicide treatments with concentration of 0.8%(especially drying in the shade and oven after soaking evenly) had the best effects on removing false hybrids. In coating experiment, the treatment of 50 g coating agent + 4-5 mL sethoxydim coating 2.5 kg seeds was best for Changzagu 466(resistant sethoxydim hybrid), and the treatment of 50 g coating agent + 3 mL imazethapyr coating 2.5 kg seeds was best for Changzagu 2922(resistant imazethapyr hybrid).