云南红河烟区覆膜方式及移栽苗龄对烤烟产量和品质形成的影响

Effects of Film Mulching Method and Transplanting Seedling Age on Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco in Honghe

采用田间试验,分析不同覆膜方式与移栽苗龄对云南红河烟区烤烟成苗率、返苗期、农艺性状、主要病害发病率和病情指数、烟叶化学成分及经济性状的影响,以探索出适合该产区优质高产的烤烟种植技术。结果表明,从覆膜方式来看,膜下移栽要比膜上移栽效果好,成苗率较高,返苗期较短,发病率和病情指数较低,经济效益较高;从不同苗龄的烟株来看,除膜上中苗移栽处理外,其余处理均呈现苗龄越大,各指标表现越差的现象。因此,在膜下移栽适宜采用小苗(4叶1心),烟株长势最好,农艺性状指标在所有处理中表现最优;而在膜上移栽适宜采用中苗(6叶1心),其烟株田间生长发育最好。

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different mulching methods and transplanting seedling age on the seedling rate, return to seedling period, agronomic characteristics, incidence rate and disease index, chemical composition and economic properties of flue-cured tobacco so as to explore the high-quality and high-yield flue-cured tobacco planting techniques in the Honghe production area of Yunnan. The results showed that, from the perspective of the two methods of transplanting, the effects of transplanting under plastic film was better than transplanting over plastic film, with higher seedling rate, shorter return period, lower incidence rate and disease index, and higher economic benefits. From the perspective of tobacco plants of different seedling ages,except for the treatment of transplanting middle seedlings on mulch, other treatments all showed the phenomenon that the older the seedling age, the worse performance of each index. Therefore, tobacco plants transplanted with small seedlings(four leaves and one heart) under mulch grew best, and agronomic traits were the best;while grew best with middle seedlings(six leaves and one heart) on mulch.