中国植胶区橡胶小蠹虫及其诱捕防控技术研究进展

Research Progress on Rubber Bark Beetles and Trapping Control Technology in China

本文综述了我国天然橡胶植胶区小蠹虫种类多样性、空间生态位、种群发生影响因素等方面的研究进展。我国目前已报道的橡胶小蠹虫有5科51种,其中云南植胶区5科41种,海南3科14属25种。列举了云南和海南植胶区橡胶小蠹虫的种类以及优势种,海南植胶区不同区域小蠹虫的物种丰富度、优势度、多样性指数、生态位宽度指数、生态位重叠指数、相似性比例、种间竞争系数等,表明小蠹虫在胶园呈聚集分布,明确小蠹虫种群发生与低温寒害、割面病害、割胶技术、胶园管理、植树品种等因素有关。还综述了小蠹虫寻找橡胶树的致害机制以及信息素诱捕防控等方面取得的研究进展。从橡胶树干鉴定出27个挥发物性组分,明确其中4种挥发性物质对橡胶材小蠹和中对长小蠹具有引诱作用。气味结合蛋白基因研究方面,明确中对长小蠹中有78个嗅觉相关基因,包含39个气味受体基因,14个气味结合蛋白基因,11个化学感觉蛋白基因,8个离子型受体基因和6个感觉神经元膜蛋白基因。找出12个具有完整开放阅读框的OBPs,明确了其中PparOBP1和PparOBP2开放阅读框的长度、编码氨基酸的信号肽及其与长叶烯、月桂烯、α-蒎烯的结合能力。最后简述了橡胶小蠹虫聚信息素筛选、改良和设计小蠹虫诱捕器、田间施用方法等诱捕防控技术及推广应用情况,指出了目前我国橡胶小蠹虫研究存在的不足和未来的研究发展方向。

This article reviews the research progress in species diversity, spatial niche and occurrence factors of rubber bark beetles in the natural rubber planting region of China. 51 species(5 families) of rubber bark beetles have been reported, 41 species(5 families) were found in Yunnan, and 25 species(14 genera, 3 families) were found in Hainan. The dominant species in Hainan and Yunnan were listed respectively. The species diversity of different locations in Hainan and the differentiation of feeding habitat of five dominant bark beetles were illustrated by related indexes and models.The results showed the aggregation distribution pattern for rubber bark beetles. The relationships of influence factors,including cold damage, strip-shaped canker, tapping technology, rubber tree management and cold resistance, with population occurrence were analyzed. The invasive mechanism of rubber bark beetles was also introduced. A total of 27 components were identified from the rubber tree volatiles. Four volatiles had an attraction effect on Xyleborus affinis and Euplatypus parallelus. A total of 78 olfactory-related genes were identified, including 39 odorant receptors, 14 odorant-binding proteins, 11 chemosensory proteins, 8 ionotropic receptors and 6 sensory neuron membrane proteins.Twelve OBPs have full open reading frames(ORF). The molecular characterizations and binding abilities with(+)-longifolene, myrcene and α-pinene of PparOBP1 and PparOBP2 were analyzed. At last, the research progress in the trapping and control technology of rubber bark beetles, including pheromones screening, trap devices improvement,application methods in the field, and application and popularization were introduced. We discussed the deficiencies in the current study and the direction of research and development in the future on rubber bark beetles.