椰子、槟榔新害虫——柑橘棘粉蚧形态鉴定

A New Insect Pest of Coconut and Areca, Morphological Identification of Pseudococcus cryptus

粉蚧是一类重要的农林害虫,其种类繁多,分布区域范围广,寄主种类多,在农业生产中容易产生识别混淆。2018—2020年笔者在田间调查棕榈植物病虫害时多次发现一种粉蚧对椰子和槟榔为害较严重,经鉴定为柑橘棘粉蚧[Pseudococcus cryptus (Hempel)],通过对该粉蚧形态观察,其主要特征为:(1)粉蚧体缘具白色粉状蜡丝17对,前端侧蜡丝短,而后端侧蜡丝长,尾端1对最长,约等体长,在尾部正中尚有1对小细丝,夹在2根长尾丝的中间;(2)雌成虫触角8节,单眼基部边缘无伴孔,刺孔群17对,C1、C4、C7具3根锥刺,C3具3~5根锥刺,多格腺主要分布在虫体腹面3~8腹节上,领状管分大、中、小3类,较大的领状管多数分布在腹部节的边缘,少量分布在胸部和头部边缘,蕈状腺大小2种,较大的蕈状腺数量不多,分布在背面体缘和中部,刺孔群C1后方各有1个,较小的蕈状腺,在头胸部腹面边缘分布较多,2~5个一组常出现在胸节边缘和第1腹节腹面上。本文以图文结合形式详细描述了柑橘棘粉蚧各虫态特征,并编制柑橘棘粉蚧及其种近似种检索表,为其鉴定提供依据。

Mealybug, which has a wide range of species, distribution areas and hosts, is a harmful pest in agriculture and forest, and it is difficult to identify. A mealybug which caused serious damage to coconut and areca palm was observed during field investigations for palm plant diseases and insect pests from 2018 to 2020. The pest was identified as Pseudococcus cryptus(Hempel), and its main morphological characteristics were characterized. It had 17 pairs of white wax wires on the edge of the body. The front pairs were shorter, while the back ones were longer, and the end one was the longest, about as the same length as its body. The, another one pair of small wires at the tail was sandwiched by the end one pairs of wires. Antennae of the female adult had 8 segments, without companion hole at the edge of the eye base. It had 17 pairs of cerarii. C1, C4, C7 had 3 conical punctures, and C3 had 3 to 5 conical punctures. The multilocuar pores were mainly distributed in the 3 rd to 8 th abdominal segment ventral surface. It had three types of oral collar tubular ducts, most of the larger ones were distributed at the edge of the abdominal segment. There were two types of oral rim ducts, most of the larger ones were distributed on the back side of the body and in the middle, one was behind C1, and the smaller ones were more distributed on the segmental venter, in particular, the margin of the chests was more distributed. In this paper, the characteristics of each state of P. cryptus were described, and the index table of P. cryptus and its allied species were established to provide the basis for its identification.