南方羊肚菌高产栽培技术研究

High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Morchella spp. in South China

通过研究不同菌株和栽培技术对南方羊肚菌生长的影响,探明南方羊肚菌高产栽培关键技术,为羊肚菌产业的推广发展提供参考和理论依据。设置4个不同羊肚菌菌株、5个不同播种期、3种不同播种方式、6个不同外源营养袋配方以及5种不同土壤,研究南方羊肚菌的生长情况。结果表明:4个菌株中六妹羊肚菌LM-s原基密度中等、出菇集中、产量最高、商品性状好,而梯棱羊肚菌TL-s原基密度大、但有效原基少、产量不高、商品性较差;当地气温稳定在20℃以下后的11月下旬至12月这段时间播种,羊肚菌产量无显著性差异,均适宜播种,而11月下旬之前由于气温较高,播种后菌丝生长较弱,产量较低;3种不同播种方式中,在菌丝阶段各处理菌丝爬上土层盖面时间不一样,菌丝长势有强有弱,但在出菇阶段无显著差异;6种外源营养袋中,处理1和处理2的产量较高,但采摘时间较迟;5种不同土壤处理中,沙壤土的处理产量最高,其次是稻田土。综上所述,在南方栽培羊肚菌,应选择抗性较强的六妹羊肚菌,适宜在11月下旬至12月播种,采用撒播、沟播或穴播,外源营养袋的原料主要以小麦或玉米粒为主,栽培地土壤以沙壤土或稻田土为佳。

The strains and cultivation techniques on the growth of Morchella spp. in south china were varied to investigate the conditions for a high-yield cultivation practice. Four strains, 5 sowing date, 3 sowing methords, 6 formulas of external nutrition bags and 5 soils were applied for the experiment to determine the optimal conditions for Morchella spp. LM-s had a primordium of medium density, concentrated mushroom, highest yield and good commercial character.TL-s had large density but few effective for primordium, low yield and worse commercial character. Between late November and December, local stable temperature below 20 ℃ was suitable for sowing and there was no significant difference in the yield. But before late November, the growth of mycelia was weak and the yield was low after sowing because of high temperature. In the three different sowing methods, the time was different for mycelia to emerge to the surface of the soil layer and the growth of mycelia was strong or weak, but there was no significant difference in the fruiting stage. In the six formulas of external nutrition bags, treatment 1 and 2 had higher yields, but the harvest date was late. In the five soils treatments, sandy loam was the most productive, the second was paddy soil. In conclusion,LM-s with strong resistance should be selected, sowed in late November to December with broadcast sowing, furrow sowing or dibbling, the raw materials of the external nutrition bag were mainly wheat or corn kernels, and sandy loam or paddy soil are preferred.