基于地理科研主导网络的关键节点识别研究--以药学领域为例

Identifying Key Nodes via a Geographical Research Dominance Network:A Case Study of the Pharmaceutical Field

科研全球化实现了空间分布不均匀的科研学术资源在全球尺度的流动与优化配置,而科研合作起到了不可或缺的作用。尤其是远距离和跨国的科研合作,极大地促进了知识和技能的创造与传播。然而,现有研究有以下两方面局限:第一,忽略了合作网络中科研主体的空间特征,而空间特征对合作效率、合作质量等多个方面都有重要影响;第二,没有充分考虑科研合作中的主导作用,而科研主导对科研合作的发起、推进、产出等各个阶段都有着举足轻重的意义。为此,本文以WebofScience上2010—2018年药学领域的科研合作论文作为数据源,对科研合作中的科研主导进行了全面的空间分析,并进一步提出地理科研主导排名(GeoLeaderRank)以识别关键科研机构,用学术影响力指标(被引频次、hg指数等)进行对比验证。通过空间分析发现,在药学领域,全球科研主导量分布的空间聚集加剧,亚洲国家的科研主导量增长明显,远距离和跨国的科研主导格局并无明显改变。通过与传统指标的对比分析,发现地理科研主导排名能更好地识别具有顶尖学术影响力的科研机构。虽然在传统指标下,一些中国的科研机构可以比肩欧美顶尖科研机构;但是在被引频次、hg指数以及地理科研主导排名等指标下,中国的科研机构与欧美顶尖科研机构还存在差距。本文为全面认识科研合作中科研主导的空间特征以及解决其空间偏差提供了一个全新的视角。

The globalization of science has realized global-scale flows and optimized the allocation of research resources with a spatially uneven distribution.It is noteworthy that scientific collaboration plays a key role in the globalization of sci‐ence.In particular,long-distance research collaboration,even cross-border collaboration,greatly promotes the creation and dissemination of knowledge as well as skills.However,the existing literature has the following two main limitations.First,it ignores the spatial features of research entities in a collaboration network,even though spatial features are important for the efficiency and quality of research collaboration.Second,the existing literature does not consider the dominance in re‐search collaboration,even though research dominance is critical for the initiation,promotion,and output of research collab‐oration.To address these issues,we conducted a comprehensive spatial analysis on global-scale research dominance in the field of pharmaceutical science,leveraging co-publication data between 2010 and 2018 from the Web of Science Core Cita‐tion Database.We further proposed“GeoLeaderRank,”incorporating topological and spatial features of the research domi‐nance network,to rank institutions.Finally,we validated the proposed GeoLeaderRank by citation counts and hg-index and compared it with the baseline metrics of traditional indices.The spatial analysis indicates that global research domi‐nance is increasingly spatially clustering;research leadership in Eastern countries is becoming more prominent,and the pat‐tern of long-distance and cross-border research dominance remains unaltered.The comparison between GeoLeaderRank and other traditional indices shows that GeoLeaderRank outperforms other baseline metrics in identifying institutions with high academic influence.Although some Chinese institutions are comparable to the top institutions in Europe and the Unit‐ed States in terms of traditional indices,they are not comparable to those peers in terms of citations,hg-index,and Ge‐oLeaderRank.This paper sheds light on the spatial patterns and spatial biases of research dominance in research collabora‐tion,which offers us new insights into research collaboration.