利用浅孔改善深孔台阶爆破孔口块度技术研究

Study on Usage of Shallow Hole to Improve Blasting Effect of Deep Hole Bench Blasting

新疆别斯库都克露天煤矿由于岩体节理裂隙发育,深孔台阶爆破中孔口部分容易产生大块。为了改善该露天矿岩石爆破效果,采用了深孔之间布设浅孔的方式对孔口的爆破破碎效果进行改善。为了确定合理的爆破参数,采用了数值模拟方法对参数进行模拟验证。在露天矿现场取样制作试件测试了现场砂岩的岩石力学性质,基于实测岩石力学性质与现场爆破参数建立了数值模拟模型。对不同浅孔深度的五种模拟条件进行了模拟,分析了不同条件下孔口1~4 m范围内的爆破应力波应力峰值,确定了4 m浅孔深度下对于孔口部分爆破效果的改善效果最佳。在别斯库都克露天矿1216台阶尝试采用了增加4 m深度1.5 m装药长度的浅孔,明显改善了现场爆破效果。该研究结果可以对利用浅孔改善深孔露天台阶爆破孔口部分爆破效果,减少孔口大块提供技术参考。

Beskuduk Coal Mine due to the development of the rock crack,it is easy to produce large rock in the top section of the deep hole bench blasting.In order to improve the rock blasting effect,shallow holes between the deep holes are used to improve the blasting effect of the hole top section.In order to determine reasonable blasting parameters,the parameters are simulated and verified by numerical simulation methods.The rock mechanical properties of the on-site sandstone were tested,and the numerical simulation model was established based on the measured rock mechanics and the on-site blasting parameters.The five simulation conditions of different shallow depth were simulated.The peak of blasting stress wave in the range of 1 to 4 m under different conditions was analyzed.The improvement effect of the blasting effect of the apertures in the 4 m depth was determined.good.On the 1216 bench in Beskuduk,the shallow hole of the length of 1.5 m charge length was applied and significantly improved the on-site blasting effect.The results of the study can provide technical reference for improving the blasting effect of deep-hole bench and reducing the big rock by using shallow hole.