空气细颗粒物暴露水平与健康成人大脑灰质体积和认知功能的关联研究

Association of exposure to fine particulate matter with gray matter volume and cognition in healthy adults

目的:应用磁共振成像(MRI)技术探究空气细颗粒物PM2.5暴露水平对健康成年人大脑灰质体积(GMV)和认知功能的影响。方法:选取487例健康成人,采集一般人口学信息及详细居住信息,并根据居住信息获取各受试近6个月和8岁~15岁期间的PM2.5暴露水平,对所有研究对象完成高分辨率结构MRI扫描,使用中文版精神分裂症认知功能成套测验-共识版(MCCB)进行认知测查,使用相关和回归分析探索空气PM2.5暴露水平与GMV和认知功能的关联。结果:近6个月PM2.5暴露水平与大脑右侧额下回三角部(brodmann分区[BA]45)和右侧颞中回(BA22)GMV存在负性关联(FWE校正,P<0.05,团块>10体素);与MCCB认知评估的信息处理速度-连线测试(r=-0.17,P<0.01)和推理和问题解决-迷宫测验评分(r=-0.22,P<0.01)负相关。8~15岁时的累积空气PM2.5暴露量与左侧梭状回(BA18)和右侧舌回(BA17)GMV负相关(FWE校正,P<0.05,团块>10体素),且与信息处理速度-连线测试、推理和问题解决-迷宫测验评分也呈负相关(r=-0.12、-0.17,均P<0.05)。结论:近期及儿童期较高的PM2.5暴露水平可能与较低的部分脑区GMV和较差的信息处理速度以及推理和问题解决能力存在关联。

Objective:To explore the effects of exposure to particulate matter 2.5(PM2.5)on brain gray matter volume(GMV)and cognitive function in healthy adults.Methods:Totally 487 normal subjects were recruited to collect general demographic information and detailed residence information,and PM2.5 exposure levels of each subject in recent 6 months and 8-15 years old were obtained according to the residence information.All subjects received high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scans and cognitive assessment with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery tests(MCCB).Correlation and regression analysis were used to explore the relationship among PM2.5,GMV and cognition.Results:In recent 6 months,PM2.5 exposure was negatively correlated with right inferior frontal gyrus(BA 45)and right middle temporal gyrus(BA 22)(FWE corrected,P<0.05,cluster>10 voxels)and negatively correlated with speed of processing-trail making test:Part A(r=-0.17,P<0.01)and reasoning and problem solving-MAZES(r=-0.22,P<0.01).The increase of cumulative PM2.5 exposure during 8-15 years old was correlated with the decrease of GMV in the left fusiform gyrus(BA 18)and the right lingual gyrus(BA17)(FWE corrected,P<0.05,cluster>10 voxels),as well as the lower score of above two cognitive tests(speed of processing-trail making test:Part A:r=-0.12,P<0.05,reasoning and problem solving-MAZES:r=-0.17,P<0.05).Conclusion:It suggests that recent and childhood exposure to higher level of PM2.5 may be associated with decreased gray matter volume in specific brain regions and worse speed of processing and reasoning and problem solving.