饲用燕麦品种在晋北农牧交错区的生产性能和营养价值研究

Comprehensive Evaluation of Production Performance and Nutritional Value of Forage Oat Varieties in Northern Shanxi Province

在干旱半干旱地区,以17个饲用燕麦品种作为研究对象,连续3年观测其株高、干草产量、营养性状等指标,利用近红外光谱技术对干物质、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维和可溶性糖4个营养性状指标进行测定分析,并采用灰色关联度分析方法进行综合评价。结果表明:①青引2号的生育天数仅86 d,而林纳、锋利和定燕2号的生育天数均为105 d。②至乳熟期,参试品种中定燕2号的平均株高最高,而白燕19号、魁北克、KONA和早熟1号4个品种在乳熟期的平均株高均在90 cm以下,与其他参试品种间差异显著(P<0.05)。③至乳熟期,甜燕二号品种的干草产量迅速增加,平均产量较高,与早熟1号、白燕19号、林纳、定燕2号、青引2号和甜燕麦品种间差异显著(P<0.05),且这6个品种的平均干草产量均在7000 kg·hm^(-2)以下。④各品种的营养成分分析结果显示,在3个不同生育时期,参试品种的干物质含量均在90%以上(除林纳乳熟期外);各品种的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量不同时期差异明显;可溶性糖含量在开花期各品种间存在较明显差异。⑤17个参试品种中,以定燕2号品种的主穗长最长,KONA品种的穗铃数最多,穗粒数以魁北克品种的数量最多,穗粒重以白燕19号品种最高,千粒重以甜燕麦品种最高。综合分析结果表明,甜燕二号、定燕2号、林纳、魁北克、甜燕麦5个品种的综合生产力最优,适宜在本地区优先推广利用。

In arid and semi-arid areas,17 forage oat varieties were used as the indicators of strain height,hay yield and nutritional traits for three consecutive years,and using near-infrared spectroscopy technology,dry substances,acidic washing fibers,neutral washing fibers and soluble sugars were determined and analyzed.Finally,comprehensive evaluation was performed using grey correlation analysis.The results showed that:①Qingyin 2 had only 86 d of fertility,while Lena,Sharp and Dingyan 2 were all 105 d.②Up to the milking stage,the plant heights of Dingyan 2 was the highest.The plant heights of Baiyan 19,Quebec,KONA and Zaoshu 1 among the tested varieties were all below 90 cm in the milking stage.③Up to the milking stage,the means hay yield of Sweet oat 2 increased rapidly and higher output.④The results of nutritional composition analysis of each variety showed that the dry matter content of the tested varieties in three different growth stages was above 90%(except for Lena);the content of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber varied in different varieties;the content of soluble sugar content was significantly different among the varieties at the flowering stage.⑤Among the 17 oat varieties,Dingyan 2 had the longest main spike length,KONA had the most panicles.Quebec varieties had the largest number of grains per ear.The spike grain weight of Baiyan 19 was the highest.The thousand seeds weight of Sweet oat 2 was the highest.The evaluation results showed that Sweet oat 2,Dingyan2,Lena,Quebec,Sweet oat performed excellently,which suggested that the five varieties were suitable to be used in northern Shanxi province.