菜籽饼肥施用深度对茶叶产量、品质和氮素利用的影响

Effects of Base Application Depths of Rapeseed Cake Fertilization on Tea Yield,Quality and Nitrogen Utilization

为探究茶园有机肥施肥深度对茶树生长、氮素吸收与利用的影响,选用福鼎大白茶为供试茶树品种,菜籽饼肥为试验肥料,以不施肥(CK0)和常规施肥深度30 cm(CK)为对照,设置施肥深度分别为0(FD1)、10(FD2)、20(FD3)、40(FD4)和50(FD5)cm共7个处理,对不同施肥深度处理下茶树的生长发育、品质及氮素利用进行测定。结果表明,与CK相比,FD1、FD2、FD3、FD4和FD5处理发芽密度分别降低9.46%、5.75%、2.78%、15.03%和26.72%;FD1、FD2、FD3和CK处理发芽密度显著高于FD5处理;不同施肥深度对茶叶咖啡碱、氨基酸含量影响较小;施用菜籽饼肥提高了土壤pH及茶园土壤有机质含量,增幅为33.73%~75.46%。通过曲线模拟,施肥深度17.46 cm时茶叶产量最高;施肥深度17.27 cm时,氮肥偏生产力最高;施肥深度11.99 cm时,氮肥农学效率最好;施肥深度13.25 cm时,氮肥利用率最为高效。因此,茶园中菜籽饼肥施用深度11~18 cm更利于菜籽饼肥释放氮素被茶树吸收和利用。

To study the effects of organic fertilizer depth on yield,quality and nitrogen utilization in Jiangxi tea area,rapeseed cake fertilizer was selected as fertilizer and Camellia sinensis Fuding Dabaicha was as the tea variety.No fertilizer treatment(CK0)and conventional fertilization depth 30 cm(CK)were as control,and the fertilization depths were set as 0(FD1),10(FD2),20(FD3),40(FD4)and 50(FD5)cm.The yield,quality and nitrogen utilization of tea plant were determined systematically.The results showed that,comparing with CK,the budding density of FD1,FD2,FD3,FD4 and FD5 decreased 9.46%,5.75%,2.78%,15.03%and 26.72%.The germination density of FD1,FD2,FD3 and CK treatments were significantly higher than FD5.The effects of fertilization depth were not significant on the contents of caffeine and amino acid.The application of rapeseed cake fertilizer increased the soil pH and content of organic matter with increasing range of 33.73%~75.46%.Through curve simulation,the optimal tea yield had been obtained with fertilization depth 17.46 cm,the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer was the highest with fertilization depth 17.27 cm,and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and using efficiency were best with fertilization depth 11.99 and 13.25 cm,respectively.So,the fertilization depth of rapeseed cake fertilizer was ranged from 11 to 18 cm,which was more conducive to release and utilization of nitrogen in tea garden.