非法采砂行为的刑法规制路径

Criminal Law System Path of Illegal Sand Mining

在非法采砂行为入罪的路径选择上,存在增设非法采砂罪论与适用非法采矿罪论两种分歧。2016年最高人民法院、最高人民检察院出台《关于办理非法采矿、破坏性采矿刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》,通过刑事解释的方式将非法采砂行为涵摄在非法采矿罪的构成要件中。虽有助于惩罚犯罪,却存在行为对象不符、行为方式不兼容、易滑向类推解释的风险与缺陷。从法益独特性、贯彻罪刑法定原则、实现一般预防以及现有法律基础等角度看,非法采砂行为具有独立制罪的正当依据。非法采砂罪的规范建构应以“违反国家采砂管理规定”为前置条件,以类型化思维进行罪状表述,并配置适当的法定刑与资格刑。

In the choice of the path to criminalize illegal sand mining,there are two differences between adding the theory of illegal sand mining and applying the theory of illegal mining crime.In 2016,the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate issued the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Illegal Mining and Destructive Mining,which included illegal sand mining in the elements of the crime of illegal mining through criminal interpretation.Although it helps to punish crimes,there are risks and shortcomings of inconsistent behavior with objects,incompatible behaviors,and slippery interpretations.From the perspective of the uniqueness of legal benefits,the implementation of the principle of legally prescribed crimes and punishments,the realization of general prevention,and the existing legal basis,illegal sand mining has a legitimate basis for independent crime.The normative construction of the crime of illegal sand mining should take the“Illegal Action Against Regulations on the Management of Sand Mining”as the prerequisite,express the crimes with categorized thinking,and set appropriate legal and qualification penalties.