青年女性工作时间的溢价效应

Study on the Working Time Premium for Young Women

使用2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,以青年女性为研究对象,运用工具变量方法实证检验工作时间和收入的关系。重点揭示青年女性工作时间投入会产生多大的经济回报,结合性别差异、标准工时以及工资分配方式,多角度分析青年女性工作时间投入产生的溢价效应。研究发现,工作时间对青年女性收入具有溢价效应,工作时间每增加1小时,产生的溢价效应约为13.88%,在工时制度和工资分配方式约束条件下,青年女性延长工作时间会增加收入;进一步研究发现,低于工时标准工时、劳动力生产率较高以及计时付酬较多行业的青年女性工作时间溢价效应更高,且比平均水平高出约9.36%-16.85%。据此,从工作时间、就业方式和收入状况三个层面提出应重点关注工作时间过长的劳动者群体、灵活就业人员的权益保障和低收入人群增收难题。

Using data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper empirically examines the relationship between working hours and income using an instrumental variable approach with young women as the study population.Focusing on revealing the extent to which young women's working hours investment generates economic returns,we analyze the premium effects generated by young women's working hours investment from multiple perspectives by combining gender differences,standard working hours,and wage allocation methods.The study found that the premium effect of working hours on young women's income is about 13.88%for each additional hour of working hours,showing that under the constraints of working hours system and wage allocation method,young women's income will increase when they work longer hours.The time premium effect is higher and is about 9.36%-16.85%higher than the average.Accordingly,it is proposed that the focus should be on the group of workers with excessively long working hours,the protection of the rights and interests of flexibly employed people and the difficulty of increasing the income of low-income people from three levels:working hours,employment patterns and income status.