作为惩罚的不孕——论夏目漱石的《心》及《后来的事》《门》

Infertility as a Punishment——On Natsume Soseki’s“Heart”“Later Things”and“The Door”

夏目漱石是日本明治时代知识分子的代表,被誉为“国民作家”,创作了众多的女性形象。其中《心》中的静、《后来的事》中的三千代和《门》中的阿米,具有美丽、矜持、沉静的相似性之外,更有不孕或孕而不成的共性。她们因女性性的自然呈现被判罪,又因女性天职的缺损而被排除在国家秩序之外——生育这一天赋的生理功能被当做社会价值、家庭地位的体现。深受东西方文化影响的漱石女性形象的设定,来自时代背景和文化素养的双重影响,呈现出前近代的特征。而假想读者“女性不在场”和学界研究“女性主体话语缺失”的惯性,反衬了从生育权角度切入漱石女性形象研究的必要性。

Natsume Soseki was a representative of the intellectuals in the Meiji era of Japan.He was known as the“national writer”and created many female images.Among them,Shizu in“Heart”,Mitiyo in“Later things”and Yone in“The door”have the similarity of beauty,reserve,and silence in addition,they also share common features of infertility or pregnancy.They were convicted for the natural presentation of female sex and excluded from the national order because of the defect of women’s natural duty—the natural physiological function of childbirth was regarded as the embodiment of social value and family status.The setting of Shushi’s female image,which is deeply influenced by Eastern and Western culture,comes from the dual influence of the era background and cultural literacy,showing the characteristics of pre-modern times.The inertia of hypothetical readers’“female absence”and academic research on“lack of female subject discourse”contrast the necessity of studying Soseki’s female image from the perspective of reproductive rights.