传统戏剧类“非遗”群体传承研究——以昆明民间花灯剧团为例

Study on the Group Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Traditional Drama——Take Kunming Lantern Opera as an Example

在非物质文化遗产的保护传承中,群体具有不可或缺的重要作用,数量庞大而默默无闻的民间传承群体以集体身份参与到"非遗"的保护传承之中,以群体合力稳固着"非遗"所根植的土壤,以文化自觉意识推动着"非遗"的传播发展。作为"非遗"特殊门类之一的传统戏曲,其天然蕴含着鲜明的群众属性,这既表现在传统戏曲艺术以"群体表演"为基础的创作演出模式,也反映在传统戏曲艺术中表演群体与观众群体所形成的相互依赖、不可分离的戏曲观演系统。由此需要剖析群体传承在传统戏剧类"非遗"保护传承中突显的主体意识和场域特征,反思当前"非遗"代表性传承人制度中的"群体"缺失现象,在"非遗"系统性保护的思想指导下为传统戏剧类"非遗"的活化传承实践提供参考。

In the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage,groups play an indispensable role.A large number of unknown folk heritage groups participate in the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage as a collective identity,stabilize the soil in which the intangible cultural heritage is rooted with collective efforts,and promote the communication and development of intangible cultural heritage with cultural consciousness.As one of the special categories of intangible cultural heritage,a traditional opera naturally contains mass attribute,which is reflected not only in the creation and performance mode of the traditional opera art,but also in the interdependent and inseparable opera performance system formed by performing groups and audience groups.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the subject consciousness and field characteristics highlighted by group inheritance in the protection and inheritance of the traditional drama,reflect on the lack of“groups”in the current system of representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage,and provide reference for the activation and inheritance practice of traditional drama under the guidance of systematic protection of“intangible cultural heritage”.