格萨尔马背藏戏的演述与文化阐释

The Narration and Cultural Interpretation of Gesar Horseback Tibetan Opera

格萨尔马背藏戏是以演述格萨尔史诗故事为题材的少数民族戏剧。格萨尔史诗在传承过程中,演述类型及其文本形态呈现出多样性,马背藏戏演述形态便是一种特殊的戏剧类型。以民族志表演理论为依据,从人类学层面阐述格萨尔史诗从生成到转向藏戏演述模式,不仅关注格萨尔史诗口头艺术文本在特定语境中的动态形成过程和其形式的研究,更关注在特定语境中考察格萨尔史诗与戏剧叙事的演述及其意义,包括格萨尔原型、神话传说、信仰、说唱到戏剧表演等,藏族将其与当地民俗交融,使戏剧演述成为民族情感的纽带,乃至于在遗产化语境中,呈现了藏戏演述在地方知识脉络中相互依存、相互阐释的多维建构。

Gesar Horseback Tibetan Opera is a Tibetan drama performed on horseback with the narration of Gesar epics as its subject matter.The narrative types and textual forms of the opera present diversity in the process of its inheritance,and its narrative form is a special drama type.Based on the theory of ethnographic performance,the opera expounds the transformation of Gesar epics from their generation to their performance in the form of Tibetan opera.It not only focuses on the dynamic formation process of the oral art texts of the epics in a specific context and the study on their forms,but also focuses on the narration and significance of Gesar epics and dramatic narration in a specific context in anthropological perspective,including Gesar archetypes,myths,legends,beliefs,rap and drama operation.By blending it with local folk customs,Tibetan people have made drama narration a bond of national emotion.As a result,the opera presents the multi-dimensional construction of Tibetan drama narration in the context of local knowledge marked by mutual interdependence and interpretation.