电弧增材制造技术研究现状及展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture

电弧增材制造技术以其成形速度快、材料利用率高、生产成本低等优势,在航空航天、船舶制造、汽车工业等领域已取得广泛应用。本文首先介绍了电弧增材制造在质量调控方面的发展现状,包括工艺参数、基板和层间温度以及保护气体;其次,结合国内外最新研究成果,论述了沉积路径的发展情况,并对成形件的力学、疲劳、腐蚀性能进行了分析,介绍了电弧增材制造技术在大型化、整体化零部件制造中的典型应用;最后总结了电弧增材制造面临参数动态监测技术尚不成熟,成形工艺优化不够系统,标准制定不足,疲劳和腐蚀机理研究不够等主要挑战,并对其未来的发展趋势给出了相关建议,即建立参数控制数据库、开发新型材料、建立工艺流程库、完善软硬件系统等。

The wire and arc additive manufacture is widely used in aerospace and aeronautic,shipbuilding,automobile industry and other fields,due to the advantages of fast forming speed,high material utilization rate and low production cost.Firstly,the development status of the quality control for wire arc additive manufacture technology was introduced,including processing parameters,the temperature of the substrate and interlayer and shielding gas.Secondly,the development of the deposition paths was discussed by combining with the latest research at home and abroad,and the mechanics,fatigue,and corrosion properties of the formed parts were analyzed.Meanwhile,the typical applications of the wire arc additive ma-nufacture technology in the manufacture of large-scale and integrated parts were presented.Finally,the major challenges faced by the wire arc additive manufacture technology were summarized,such as the immature parameter dynamic monitoring technology,insufficient forming process optimization,inadequate standard formulation,and deficient fatigue and corrosion mechanism research.The suggestions were put forward for the future development trend of the wire arc additive manufacture technology,such as the establishment of the parameter control database,the development of the new materials,the establishment of the process database,and the perfection of the software and hardware system.