复合材料Tufting缝合技术的研究进展

The Application of Tufting Suture Technology on Composite Structures:a Review

缝合技术通过在预制织物的厚度方向引入增强纤维,能够将2D铺层复合材料变为准3D复合材料,显著提高复合材料的抗分层性能及耐损伤容限,在军事、民用领域均有广泛的应用。但是由于缝合技术需要缝纫机上下部件之间提供很大的操作空间,这对缝合设备提出了更高的要求,且缝合线之间存在互锁,往往会降低复合材料的面内性能,这些因素大大限制了其在高性能纤维增强复合材料生产制备中的应用。在此背景下,一种单边缝合新技术应运而生。Tufting缝合是一种单边缝合技术,是由Tufting缝合针携带缝合线从预制织物的一侧经过穿刺、退针运动后,将缝合线通过简单的摩擦作用留在织物内部,缝合线上几乎没有张力。这一技术节约了操作空间,降低了大型缝合设备的研发成本,同时减少了复合材料的成型缺陷,为异形大厚度织物的缝合提供了解决方案,是一种极具发展潜力的复合材料Z向加固技术。Tufting缝合领域的研究主要集中于自动化缝合技术、预制织物的成形技术以及Tufting缝合复合材料的制备与表征技术三个方面。近年来,Tufting缝合复合材料的制件尺寸、复杂程度、制备和成型效率都得到大幅提升。然而,Tufting缝合技术在质量稳定性、效率以及制件结构和尺寸等方面有一定的局限性,难以实现广泛的工业化生产和应用。本文主要综述了近年来Tufting缝合技术的发展现状,介绍了Tufting缝合装置的类型和最新技术进展,分析了Tufting缝合过程参数对预制织物成形及性能的影响,归纳了Tufting缝合复合材料力学性能及微观损伤的表征分析,最后提出了本领域亟待解决的问题和主攻方向。

By introducing reinforcing fibers in the thickness direction of the prefabricated fabric,the stitching technology can change 2 D lay-up compo-sites into quasi-3 D composites,which significantly improves the delamination resistance and damage tolerance of the composites,and is widely used in military and civil applications. However,since the stitching technique requires a large operating space between the upper and lower parts of the sewing machine,which poses a higher challenge to the stitching equipment,and the through-thickness stitching threads reduce the inplane properties of the resulting composite,the production and preparation of high-performance fiber-reinforced composites can be greatly limited.In this case,a new one-side stitching technique has come into being.Tufting suture is a kind of one-side stitching technique in which a Tufting needle carries the thread from one side of the prefabricated fabric through a piercing and retracting motion,leaving the thread inside the fabric by friction without tension. This technology saves operation space,reduces the development cost of large-scale stitching equipment,and reduces the defects of composite materials,providing a solution for the sewing of shaped large thickness fabrics,making it a highly promising Z-directional reinforcement technology for composite materials.The Tufting suture technique field mainly focuses on three aspects: automated Tufting suture technology,forming technology of prefabricated fabrics,and the preparation and characterization techniques of tufted composite materials. In recent years,the size,complexity,preparation,and forming efficiency of tufted composite materials have been greatly improved. However,Tufting suture technology has certain limitations in terms of quality stability,efficiency,structure,and the size of composite materials,and it is difficult to achieve widespread industrial products and applications.This paper mainly reviews the development status of Tufting suture technology,the types of Tufting suture devices,and the latest technological progress. The influence of Tufting suture parameters on the formation and performance of fabric preforms are analyzed,and the characterization analysis of mechanical properties and micro-damage of the Tufting composite are summarized. Finally,urgent problems and some main directions in this field are proposed.