论钱谦益诗学对江户时代诗风诗论的影响

The Influence of Qian Qianyi’s Poetics on the Poetic Style and Poetry Theory in the Edo Period

钱谦益是明末清初的文坛领袖。他编撰的《列朝诗集》传到日本后,对江户时代诗风诗论的变迁产生了极大影响。荻生徂徕等古文辞派对钱氏诗学痛加贬斥和攻击;而不满古文辞派的梁田蜕岩,特别是主张清新性灵的山本北山则积极利用钱氏诗学以反对徂徕派的古文辞说,对促使江户时代诗坛由拟唐摹明的第二期向提倡学习宋诗清新性灵的第三期转变起到了关键性作用。然而,钱氏诗学对于江户时代诗学的影响尚未受到学界足够重视和公允评价,这不符合江户时代诗学发展的实际。因此,对日本文士是如何解读、批评、吸收或利用钱谦益诗学等问题作多角度考论,不但可以正确认识和评价钱氏诗学对江户时代诗风诗论的影响,而且能够更加客观地把握江户时代诗学的变迁轨迹。

Qian Qianyi was a literary leader in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.After his Lie-chao Shi-ji was introduced to Japan,his poetics left a great influence on the changes of the poetic style and poetry theory in the Edo period.The classical school poets like OgiyuSulai’s criticized and attacked Qian’s poetics,while Yamamoto Hokuzan,who advocated freshness and spirituality and opposed the classical school,actively used Qian’s poetry to oppose Sulai’sclassical school,which played a key role in prompting the transformation of the poetry scene in the Edo period from the second phase-imitatingthe Tang and Ming styles-to the third phase,which advocated studying the freshness and spirituality of Song poetry.However,the influence of Qian’s poetics on the poetics of the Edo period has not yet received sufficient attention and fair evaluation by the literary critics,which fails to reflect the actual development of poetics in the Edo period.Therefore,examining how Japanese scholars interpret,criticize,absorb,or use Qian Qianyi’s poetics from multiple perspectives enables not only the correct understanding and evaluation of the influence of Qian’s poetics on poetry in the Edo era but also the objective grasp of the trajectory of poetics changes in the Edo era.