实边-守边-通边:边民身份及其功能的演进逻辑

Reinforce Frontier-Guard Frontier-Link Frontier:the Evolution Logic of Border People’s Identity and Function

“边民”概念古已有之,与皇权主义边疆社会和半殖民地半封建边疆形态下的“外民”相区别,现代意义上的“边民”不是一般的概念范畴,而是在近代以后随着主权领土体制的确立、边界线的划定、国籍身份的确定而逐步构建起来的一种国民类型。经中华现代国家建构,边民的国民身份被进一步塑造,成为拥有明确身份属性和国家意识的一国之民。因国家形态的变革,边民从传统的地理文化状态下的自在群体转型为权利义务关系中的主权主体。边民确定的国家政治身份的获得与巩固,使得作为一个特定国民群体的“边民”在边境治理中的功能亦由单一化的实边戍边、平面化的实边守边向立体化的实边守边通边转变。

The concept of“border people”has existed since ancient times,which is different from the“foreign people”in the forms of imperial frontier society and semi-colonial and semi-feudal frontier.The“border people”in the modern sense is not a conceptual category,but a citizen type gradually built up with the establishment of sovereign territory system,demarcation of boundary line and determination of national identity in modern times.With the construction of modern China,the national identity of border people has been further shaped,and they have become the citizens of a country with clear identity attributes and national consciousness.Because of the change of state form,border people have transformed from a unrestrained group under the traditional geographical and cultural background to a sovereign subject in the relationship of rights and obligations.With the acquisition and consolidation of national political identity,the function of “border people”as a specific national group in border governance has also changed from the single flat border defence to multi-dimensional solid border guard.