《文心雕龙》“文体论”之批评陆机研究

On the Criticism of Lu Ji in the“Stylistics”of Wen Xin Diao Long

陆机是西晋著名文学家,心识文体又兼善诗赋。以《文心雕龙》"文体论"部分批评陆机的资料为中心,进行全面梳理,并分门别类进行相关总结和辨析后,发现《文心雕龙》文体论20篇中12次论及陆机,其中,对陆机的文坛地位的评判过于笼统,未能突出陆机作为"太康之英"应有的地位;另外,《文心雕龙》援引、评析陆机作品的情况较为复杂,涉及的文体类型包括诗、论、赋、杂文、吊、移、笺等具体作品,这里刘勰对时人评陆机乐府诗的谬误进行纠偏,并肯定陆机对西晋历史撰写的开创之功等。凡此种种,可以见出刘勰对陆机的批评观点公允,褒贬兼有,体现出一种严谨的文学批评态度,其中虽有值得商榷之处,却仍不失为中古时期全面、细致批评陆机的宝贵资料。

Lu Ji was a talented litterateur in stylistics and poetry in the Western Jin Dynasty.On the basis of the criticism of Lu Ji in the"Stylistics"of Wen Xin Diao Long,and through comprehensive classification,conclusion and analysis,this paper found that lu Ji is mentioned 12 times in 20 articles of "Stylistics" of Wen Xin Diao Long and the literary status evaluation of Lu Ji is too general failing to highlight his place as the"Elite of Taikang Literature";In addition,the quotation and evaluation of luji's work in Wen Xin Diao Long are much complicated involving stylistic types of poetry,essay,ode,prose,lyric,review,letter,etc..Among them,Liu Xie rectifies the negative statement on Lu Ji's Yuefu poems and recognizes his contribution to the writing of Western Jin Dynasty.Liu Xie's criticism of Lu Ji is quite fair being both negative and positive reflecting a rigorous attitude of literary criticism,which can be regarded as precious materials of comprehensive and meticulous criticism of lu Ji in the middle Ages although there is something worth discussing.