基于GIS的陕西省栽培牧草区划

GIS-based regionalization of cultivated forages in Shaanxi Province,China

畜牧业是陕西省现代农业发展最大的短板,栽培牧草区划对解决优质饲草短缺和推动陕西草牧业发展具有十分重要的战略性指导意义。基于地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)空间分析法、模糊数学和层次分析法,结合陕西省地形数据、主要气象数据和土壤性状指标等,利用年降水量、年均温、土壤pH、地形地貌、坡度5个影响牧草生长的主要指标,对陕西省栽培牧草进行系统梳理,构建了模块功能全、适应性强的栽培牧草适宜性区划模型。以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia)、多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、冰草(Agropyron cristatum)4种主要栽培牧草为例进行了模型分析,同时以冰草为例进行验证,结果表明此区划模型具有很好的可行性,可对牧草新品种引进、优质牧草生产提供科学预判和决策,也为陕西省数字草业的发展奠定了基础。

Improved animal husbandry is needed in order to fully modernize the agricultural sector in Shaanxi Province,China.The zoning of cultivated forage grass is an important strategy for addressing the shortage of high-quality forage grass and promoting the development of the Shaanxi grass cultivation industry.In this study we developed a model based on Geographic Information System(GIS)spatial analysis,fuzzy mathematics,and analytic hierarchy process.Using topographic data,main meteorological data,and the soil properties of Shaanxi Province,we selected five main indicators that affect the growth of forage grass,including annual precipitation,annual average temperature,soil pH,topography,and slope.The cultivated forages in Shaanxi Province were systematically sorted out,and a zoning model for the suitability of cultivated forages with comprehensive module functions and strong adaptability was constructed.Four major cultivated forages,including alfalfa(Medicago sativa),sainfoin(Onobrychis viciaefolia),perennial ryegrass(Lolium),and crested wheatgrass(Agropyron cristatum),were used as examples to carry out the model analysis.Crested wheatgrass was used as an example for verification.The results showed that this model is effective and could provide scientific predictions and decisions for the introduction of new forage varieties and the production of high-quality forage,as well as laying a foundation for the development of computer-assisted forage production in Shaanxi Province.