播期对半干旱区7个燕麦品种产量和品质的影响

Effect of the sowing period on the yield and quality of seven oat varieties grown in the semi-arid region of Longxi

为筛选出适宜甘肃陇西半干旱山区种植的优良燕麦(Avena sativa)品种及最佳播期,本文研究了7个燕麦品种在4个播期(5月6日、5月16日、5月26日、6月5日)的生产性能和营养品质,并运用灰色关联度和聚类分析进行了综合评价。结果表明:播期和品种互作对燕麦的干草产量、种子产量和饲草品质具有极显著影响(P<0.01)。28个处理相比较,5月26日种植的‘梦龙’干草产量最高,为13550.80 kg·hm^(−2);6月5日种植的‘莫妮卡’种子产量最高,为2147.31 kg·hm^(−2);5月26日种植的‘青燕1号’粗蛋白含量最高,为6.94%。利用干草产量、粗蛋白含量、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和可溶性糖含量的相对值进行灰色关联度综合评价得出,5月6日种植的‘陇燕3号’综合表现最好,其次是5月26日种植的‘梦龙’。通过系统聚类将28个处理根据干草产量、种子产量、饲草粗蛋白含量聚为四大类。综上,在陇西半干旱山区选择适宜的播期种植可提高燕麦产量和营养品质,是适宜该地区燕麦草地的管理措施。

In order to select suitable varieties for Avena sativa cultivation in the semi-arid mountainous region of western Gansu and to determine the best sowing date,the production performance and nutritional quality of seven oat varieties at four sowing dates(May 6th,15th,and 26th,and June 5th,2020)were studied,and a comprehensive evaluation was carried out using the grey correlation cluster analysis.The results showed that,together,the sowing date and variety had significant effects on hay yield,forage quality,and seed yield(P<0.01).Among the 28 treatments,‘Menglong’variety sown on May 26th had the highest hay yield at 13550.80 kg·ha^(−1),‘Monika’sown on June 5th had the highest seed yield at 2147.31 kg·ha^(−1),and‘Qingyan No.1’sown on May 26 had the highest crude protein content at 6.94%.Based on the relative values of hay yield,crude protein content,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,and soluble sugar content,the comprehensive evaluation of the grey correlation degree showed that‘Longyan No.3’planted on May 6 was the best variety/sowing date combination,followed by that of‘Menglong’planted on May 26th.Through systematic clustering,the 28 treatments were divided into four groups according to hay yield,seed yield,and crude protein content.Thus,selecting the appropriate sowing date is a suitable management strategy for oat grasslands in this area.