合同相对性在行政协议中的新突破

On The Breakthrough of Administrative Contract to Privity of Contract

私法领域中合同相对性及其突破都是源于对合同主体的意思表示施加法律约束,而公法领域中的行政协议也存在行政机关的意思表示,因而公法领域中的行政协议也存在合同相对性的突破问题。合同相对性在私法上的突破是一种有限突破,该有限性体现在:其一,第三人不能够成为合同承担履行责任的一方;其二,第三人不能够替代合同一方作为诉讼当事人。但是在公法领域的行政协议,其意思表示在公共利益保护与社会秩序维护方面都有着与私法合同不同的表现,从而导致行政协议在合同的相对性方面有新的突破。行政协议打破了传统私法合同没有突破的相对性约束,即在合同的履行主体、合同的涉诉主体以及责任主体方面有所突破。

The private law source of the Privity of contract is the object and scope of the contract responsibility,that is,the subject of the contract chooses his own object of signing the contract based on the expression of will,at the same time also based on the contract to undertake their own legal responsibility.The breakthrough of Privity of contract in private law is a kind of limited breakthrough,which is embodied in:first,the third party can not become a party to the contract to perform the responsibility;second,the third party can not replace a party to the contract as a litigant.When the executive branch signed the administrative agreement,its intention indicated that it had different performance from the private law contract subject in the protection of public interests and the maintenance of social order,therefore,it is easier for administrative agreement to break through the restriction of relativity of traditional contract.The administrative agreement breaks the two relativity constraints that the traditional private law contract has not broken through,and it also breaks through in the liability of breach of contract.