水环境中纳米塑料的检测和去除技术研究进展

Detection and Removal Technology of Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environment

近年来,由于纳米塑料分布广泛并对生态环境造成不利影响,受到国内外研究者的极大关注。纳米塑料是指粒径范围在0.001~1μm的塑料颗粒,属于水环境中的新兴污染物。纳米塑料通过在水环境中积累、吸附并释放有毒化学物质,导致生态环境遭到破坏,人体健康受到威胁。因此,纳米塑料的定量检测和去除技术,是目前水环境研究的难点和热点问题。针对纳米塑料对生态环境和人体健康的不利影响,综述水环境中纳米塑料的来源和对不同生物体的毒理作用,总结有关纳米塑料的定量检测和去除技术的方法,最后提出纳米塑料的未来研究方向和展望。

In recent years,due to its widespread distribution and adverse effects on the ecological environment,nanoplastics have received great attention from domestic and foreign researchers.Nanoplastics are referred to plastic particles of the size ranging from0.001 nm to 1μm,and are a new kind of pollutant in aquatic environment.Nanoplastics can accumulate,adsorb and release toxic chemicals in aquatic environment and ultimately destroy the ecological environment and endanger human health.Therefore,the quantitative detection and removal technology of nanoplastics is the key issues and hotspots in the current research on water environment.Focusing on the adverse effects of nanoplastics on the ecological environment and human health,this article reviewed the sources and toxicological effects of nanoplastics and summarized the current quantitative detection and removal technologies for nanoplastics.Finally,the future research directions were proposed.