旅游发展背景下民族村寨原住民地方性感知差异研究——以雷公山典型苗寨为例

A Research on the Differences of Local Perception Aborigines in Ethnic Villages against the Background of Tourism Development——Taking The Typical Miao Village in Leigong Mountain as a Case Study

从原住民感知体验视角出发,根据地方理论,立足民族村寨核心吸引力的开发与保护,基于雷公山25个典型苗寨的调研数据,引入潜在冲突指数PCI,运用主成分分析和聚类分析等方法揭示旅游发展对民族村寨原住民地方性感知水平、维度、内部差异的影响。研究表明:雷公山典型苗寨原住民地方性感知水平较高,内部存在民族文化感知差异、环境感知差异、旅游发展感知差异、生活场景感知差异、生活成本感知差异;该区域差异还较小,但有进一步扩大趋势。在民族村寨旅游开发进程中,个人属性、发展周期、经济区位、民族文化与管理制度等多重主客观因素共同对原住民地方性感知产生作用。基于这些差异,可将该区域原住民群体划分为生活场所关注型、人居环境关注型、旅游发展悲观型、旅游发展认可型、民俗文化关注型等5类。根据分析结果,提出民族村寨在旅游发展过程中对地方性挖掘与保护的建议。

To develop and protect ethnic villages of core attraction, this article, based on the locality theory and the investigation data of 25 typical Miao villages in Leigong Mountain, studies the impact of tourism development on the internal perception differences of aborigines in folk villages by introducing the potential conflict index PCI and using the method and of principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The study comes to the following conclusions: The indigenous people in the typical Miao village in Leigong Mountain have a high level of local perception, but there are some internal differences which are reflected in terms of national culture, environment, tourism development, living scene and living cost. The regional differences are still small, but there is a trend of further expansion. In the process of tourism development in ethnic villages, multiple subjective and objective factors, such as personal attributes, development cycle, economic location, ethnic culture and management system,jointly exert an effect on indigenous people’s local perception. Based on the analysis results, suggestions are put forward on local excavation and protection of ethnic villages in the process of tourism development.