新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间一线护理人员焦虑状况及影响因素研究

A study on the anxiety status of nursing staff during the COVID-19 epidemic and the factors influencing it

目的分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情期间一线护理人员焦虑现状及相关因素。方法选取108名一线护理人员作为研究对象,内容包括一般人口学资料,广泛性焦虑筛查量表(Generalized Anxiety Disorder,GAD-7)、社会支持评定量表(Social Support Rate Scale,SSRS)和应对方式问卷(Coping Style Questionnaire,CSQ),分析焦虑现状、相关因素、应对方式以及社会支持程度。结果(1)焦虑现状:67.59%的一线护理人员存在不同程度的焦虑状态,其中轻度占33.33%,中度占21.30%,重度占12.96%。年龄(r=0.261)、工作年限(r=0.251)及婚姻状况(r=-0.271)与一线护理人员焦虑程度显著相关(P<0.05)。(2)焦虑相关因素占前五位分别为:担心被传染、担心传染给家人、收入低、缺乏理解支持和劳动强度大。(3)应对方式:“解决问题(r=-0.327)”和“求助(r=-0.239)”与一线护理人员焦虑呈负相关,“自责(r=0.320)”、“退避(r=0.266)”和“幻想(r=0.207)”与一线护理人员焦虑呈正相关,在本组中有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)仅有15.74%的一线护理人员认为自己获得较高的社会支持水平,约84.26%护理人员认为个人社会支持度一般甚至更低。结论一线护理人员存在不同程度的焦虑情绪,面对疫情有一定的应对方式,社会支持水平不高。

Objective To analyze the anxiety status and its related factors of nursing staff during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods A total of 108 nursing staff working during the COVID-19 epidemic were selected as research subjects.The anxiety status,anxiety-related factors,coping styles,and the extent of available social support were analyzed through general demographic information,Generalized Anxiety Disorder(GAD-7),Social Support Rate Scale(SSRS),and Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ).Results(1)The anxiety status:67.59%of the nursing staff had various degrees of anxiety,in which mild anxiety accounted for 33.33%,moderate anxiety accounted for 21.30%,and severe anxiety accounted for 12.96%.Age(r=0.261),working years(r=0.251),and marital status(r=-0.271)were significantly correlated with the anxiety of nursing staff(P<0.05).(2)The top five anxiety-related factors were:fear of infection,fear of infection to family members,low income,lack of understanding and support,and high labor intensity.(3)The coping styles:"Problem-solving"(r=-0.327)and"help-seeking"(r=-0.239)were negatively correlated with the anxiety of nursing staff(P<0.05)."Self-accusation"(r=0.320),"retreat"(r=0.266)and"fantasy"(r=0.207)were positively correlated with the anxiety of nursing staff(P<0.05).(4)Only 15.74%of the nursing staff perceived they got a high level of social support.About 84.26%of nursing staff considered their social support was average or even lower.Conclusion There are different degrees of anxiety among nursing staff during the COVID-19 epidemic.They have certain ways to deal with the anxiety,but few gain a high level of social support.