高水平青少年男子羽毛球运动员双侧膝关节等速肌力特征研究

Research on Bilateral Knee Isokinetic Muscle Strength Characteristics of High-level Junior Male Badminton Players

分析高水平青少年男子羽毛球运动员在不同角速度下双侧膝关节屈伸肌力特征,为其专项力量训练提供理论参考。方法:招募了17名高水平男子羽毛球运动员,分别在60°/s、180°/s和300°/s条件下进行等速肌力测试,并计算双侧膝关节屈曲和伸展的峰力矩(PT)、相对峰力矩(PT/BW)、屈肌与伸肌峰力矩比值(H/Q)以及力量增加速率(RFD)等指标。结果:1)在180°/s和300°/s条件下,非优势侧膝关节屈曲PT/BW并未随着角速度增加而减小。2)优势侧和非优势侧膝关节H/Q范围分别为54.52%~68.56%和51.69%~71.04%,双侧膝关节H/Q均随着角速度增加而增大;在相同角速度条件下,双侧膝关节H/Q无显著性差异(p>0.05)。3)双侧膝关节屈曲和伸展RFD_(0~50ms)随着角速度增大而增加,且在各角速度条件下均具有非常显著性差异(p<0.01),而在各角速度条件下双侧膝关节屈曲RFD_(0~100ms)均无显著性差异(p>0.05),双侧膝关节伸展RFD_(0~100ms)则随着角速度增大呈先增大后减小的趋势。结论:1)高水平青少年男子羽毛球运动员非优势侧膝关节在快速屈曲条件下依然有较大的PT,说明在蹬跨步接球时,非优势侧膝关节的快速屈曲肌力没有减小,这可能与运动员长期训练和比赛增强了专项力量有关。2)在慢速运动和中速运动条件下,高水平青少年男子羽毛球运动员优势侧膝关节屈曲和伸展力量大于非优势侧。3)在慢速运动条件下,高水平青少年男子羽毛球运动员双侧膝关节Q/H低于60%。4)高水平青少年男子羽毛球运动员膝关节屈曲或伸展的速度越快,RFD_(0-50ms)越大,其募集的单位运动效率就越高,RFD_(0~50ms)可作为评价高水平青少年男子羽毛球运动员膝关节屈伸肌群爆发力的重要指标。

Analyze the strength characteristics of the flexion and extension muscles of the bilateral knee joints at different angular velocities in adolescent male badminton players to provide a reference for athletes to carry out special strength training.Methods:Recruiting 17 high-level male badminton players to conduct isokinetic muscle strength tests under the conditions of 60°/s,180°/s and 300°/s,measure and calculate the peak torque(PT)of flexion and extension of bilateral knee joints,relative peak torque(Peak Torque/Body Weight,PT/BW),flexor and extensor peak torque ratio(Hamstring/Quadriceps,H/Q),and rate of force development(RFD)and other indicators.Results:1)Under the conditions of 180°/s and 300°/s angular velocities,the relative peak torque(Peak Torque/Body Weight,PT/BW)of the non-dominant knee joint did not decrease with the increase in angular velocity.2)The H/Q ranges of the dominant and non-dominant knee joints are 54.52%to 68.56%and 51.69%to 71.04%,respectively,showing an increasing trend with the increase of angular velocity.While under the same angular velocity conditions,the H/Q ratio of both knee joints is equal,There was no significant difference(p>0.05).3)The flexion and extension RFD_(0-50ms) of bilateral knee joints increase with the increase of angular velocity,and there are very significant differences between the angular velocity conditions(p<0.01),But there is no significant difference between the flexion RFD_(0-100ms) between the angular velocity conditions(p>0.05),The stretching RFD_(0-100ms) shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of angular velocity.Conclusion:1)High-level young male badminton players’non-dominant knee joints still show greater strength under fast flexion conditions,suggesting that the fast flexion muscle strength of the non-dominant knee joint can quickly follow up when stepping and catching the badminton.This may be related to athletes’long-term training and competition to enhance their special strength.2)Under the conditions of slow and medium speed,high-level young male badminton players’dominant side knee joint flexion and extension strength are greater than the non-dominant side.3)The Q/H of the athlete’s bilateral knee joints is lower than 60%under slow conditions.4)The faster the knee flexion or extension of badminton players,the greater the RFD_(0-50ms),and the more motor units they recruit.RFD_(0-50ms) can be used as an important index to evaluate the explosive power of the knee flexors and extensors of high-level young male badminton players.