儿童青少年基本动作技能、感知运动能力、身体活动的相关关系研究:回顾、解释及启示

Review,Explanation and Revelation on the Relationship between Fundamental Movement Skills,Perceived Motor Competence and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents

儿童青少年身体活动促进已成为公共健康领域的重要议题,随着相关研究的深入,基本动作技能和感知运动能力正逐渐出现在儿童青少年身体活动促进的研究中。通过回顾分析关于基本动作技能、感知运动能力、身体活动之间的关系的国内外研究性文献,尝试运用心理学相关理论解释三者之间的相关关系形成的内在原因,以期为提高我国儿童青少年身体活动水平和健康促进制定有效、具有可操作性的干预措施提供方法和路径。结论:基本动作技能与身体活动、感知运动能力与身体活动、基本动作技能与感知运动能力均具有正相关关系,但是儿童早期感知运动能力与基本动作技能、身体活动的相关程度较低或不相关;感知运动能力对基本动作技能和身体活动关系中介作用的年龄和路径差异仍有待进一步探究;身体自我概念、自我决定理论和能力动机理论可分别用于解释基本动作技能与身体活动、感知运动能力与身体活动、基本动作技能与感知运动能力之间具有相关关系的内在原因;目前尚未有充足的证据能解释基本动作技能、感知运动能力和身体活动三者之间具有相关关系的内在原因。建议:我国学者在今后的研究中,研制基本动作技能与感知运动能力评价相一致的本土化测量工具;探讨基本动作技能、感知运动能力与身体活动相关关系的具体路径;加强三者关系的心理学解释,并进一步优化机制模型。

The promotion of physical activity(PA)in children and adolescents has become an important issue in the field of public health.With the deepening of research,the scholars generally introduce fundamental movement skills(FMS),and perceived motor competence(PMC)into the study of PA promotion in children and adolescents.By reviewing research literature at home and abroad,this paper summarized and analyzed the relationships between FMS,PMC,and PA and tried to explain the internal causes of the corresponding relationship between the three factors by using psychological theory,so as to provide enlightenment and reference for promoting the physical and mental development of Chinese children and adolescents.Conclusions:There are positive relationships between any two factors of FMS,PMC,and PA,but low or no relationships between PMC and FMS,and between PMC and PA were observed in younger children;PMC should play a mediating role in the relationship between FMS and PA,which still needs further exploration,especially with regard to the differences in age and specific path;Physical Self-Concept(PSC),Self-Determination Theory(SDT),and Competence Motivation Theory(CMT)can respectively explain the internal causes of the corresponding relationships between FMS and PA,between PMC and PA,and between FMS and PMC;Unfortunately,there is still lack of evidence to reasonably explain the internal causes of the corresponding relationship between PMC,FMS,and PA so far.Suggestions:Chinese scholars should get further insight into localized measurement tools consistent with the dimensions of PMC and FMS in further research;knowledge of the specific paths of the relationship between PMC,FMS,and PA should be enhanced;the psychological explanations of the relationship between FMS,PMC,and PA may be applied to the subsequent optimization of the corresponding mechanism model.