《墨辩》中的物

The Things in The Debates of Mohists

《墨辩》是先秦哲学中最具逻辑性反思性格的哲学文献。在现代学术形成和奠基的阶段,关于《墨辩》的研究一时蔚为显学。《墨辩》中"纯客观"的物观的出现,是春秋末年礼序崩坏的结果。墨家以激进的"理性主义"态度,消解了礼序赋予物的价值属性。而更为抽象的几何意义的物观,则源自墨家对辩论的庄重态度,以及随名辩之学的兴起而来的形式性论证和辩护的需要。辩者之学是在儒、墨之间以及墨家内部各派之间的持续论辩中产生的,随之而来的普遍的质疑和辩护的思想氛围,对"子学时代"的各家哲学都产生了深刻的影响。

The Debates of Mohists was a philosophical literature mostly characterized with logical rethinking in the Pre-Qin philosophy.In the period when modern academics was formed and got rooted,the study about The Debates of Mohists became an explicit learning.This article focuses on the"purely objective"view on things from The Debates of Mohists.The formation of the"purely objective"view on things was due to the chaos and collapse of the ritual orders at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period.With a radical"rationalist"attitude,the Mohists cleared up the value attribute endowed by the ritual orders.The more abstract geometrical view on things was originated from the Mohists’serious attitude towards the debates and also from the needs for formal argument and formal defence with the rise of the study of debaters,which was generated from the continuous debates between the Confucians and the Mohists,and also between various sects among the Mohist School.The following ideological atmosphere,in which there were universal questioning and defense,produced profound influences on all the philosophical schools from the Spring and Autumn Period to the early Han Dynasty.