果园生态系统复合经营的开展模式及生态机制综述

Review on the development model and ecological mechanism of compound management of orchard ecosystem

在农林复合经营的研究中,与森林和农田系统相比,果园系统受到的关注相对较少。然而,果园系统具有发展复合经营的空间和需求,且拥有人力和市场优势,因而果园复合模式得到持续发展。目前,果园复合经营主要有果草、果粮、果菜、果药、果菌、果花和果果模式等,在多个地区、多种果园开展研究和实践。复合经营可以改善果园气候和土壤环境,促进果树生长,提高经济效益和生态效益。构建科学的复合经营模式,应基于适应性、互惠性和收益性原则,并遵循生物学、生态学和经济学规律。在果园复合经营未来发展和研究中,应进一步丰富复合种植的植物种类,精准分析果园效益提升的关键因素,将成果进行标准化推广。

In the study of agroforestry, compared with forest and farmland systems, orchard systems have received relatively little attention. However, the orchard system has the space and demand for the development of compound management, and has manpower and market advantages, so the orchard compound model has been continuously developed.At present, the compound management of orchards mainly includes fruit-grass, fruit-grain, fruit-vegetable, fruit-medicine,fruit-fungus, fruit-flower, and fruit-fruit model. Moreover, these models have been studied and practiced in many regions and orchards. Compound management can improve the orchard climate and soil environment, promote the growth of fruit trees,and increase economic and ecological benefits. The construction of scientific compound management model should be based on the principles of adaptability, reciprocity and profitability and follow the laws of biology, ecology and economics. In the future development and research of orchard compound management, we should further enrich the plant species of compound planting, accurately analyze the key factors of orchard benefit improvement, and carry out standardized promotion of the research results.