美国教育惩戒的历史嬗变及启示——兼评《中小学教育惩戒规则》(试行)

Historical Evolution and Enlightenment of American Educational Discipline:Comment on the Rule of Educational Discipline for Primary and Secondary Education(for Trial Implementation)

美国教育惩戒权数百年来大致经历了教育惩戒现代化、零容忍教育惩戒兴起和教育惩戒二元化三个发展阶段。美国教育惩戒权的发展史对我国主要有两点启示:一是尊重教育规律,理性、宽容看待学生的违纪违规行为;二是教育惩戒应对学生违纪违规行为的预防、正向引导和关系进行修复。2020年,我国公布了《中小学教育惩戒规则》(试行),这对我国教育惩戒的立法和实践具有重大意义,但仍然存在重惩戒轻预防和重惩罚轻修复的缺憾。未来,我国教育惩戒应当从建立学生违纪违规的预防体系、增加恢复性教育惩戒措施、制定《教育惩戒实施细则》等方面进一步完善。

for hundreds of years,the educational disciplinary power in the United States has roughly experienced three development stages:the modernization of educational discipline,the rise of zero tolerance discipline and the duality of educational discipline.The development history of American educational disciplinary has two main onlightmenct for China:firstly,respect the law of education,treat students’violations of discipline and law rationally and leniently;Secondly,education and punishment should deal with the prevention,positive guidance and relationship repair of students’violations of discipline and rules.In 2020,China’s promulgation of the rule of primary and secondary education discipline(for Trial Implementation)is of great significance to the legislation and practice of education discipline in China,but the legislation still has the shortcomings of emphasizing punishment over prevention and emphasizing punishment over relationship repairment.In the future,China’s educational discipline should be further improved from the aspects of establishing the prevention system of students’violation of increasing restorative education discipline measures,and formulating the detailed regulations for the implementation of educational discipline.